1 HIST157 HIST201 Exam 1 Study Guide Professor Smead Black Codes Johnsonian state governments enacted a series of Black Codes Severely restricted the civil rights of freed people 1 Could not testify against whites in court or in any case involving a white person 2 Could not sit on juries 3 Had to sign one year labor contracts 4 Vagrancy statutes allowed police to arrest and fine virtually any black man If he could not pay the fine the vagrant was put to work on a farm often the one operated by his former master 5 Apprenticeship clauses allowed white officials to remove children from their parents homes and put them to work as apprentices on nearby farms 6 Could not carry weapons Anthony Comstock tried to establish public morality Enacted the Comstock Law on March 3 1873 which made it illegal to send any obscene lewd and or lascivious materials through the mail including contraceptive devices and information In addition to banning contraceptives this act also banned the distribution of information on abortion for educational purposes Homestead Act Act passed by Lincoln 160 acres of public land to any man or woman even former slaves anyone who had never taken arms against US government could apply over 21 who lives on it for 5 years shows improvement to land and pays a small filing fee 1862 only 40 of applicants were granted land Jane Addams Basically the worst sandwich maker of the Progressive Era she had a hand in the formation of the NAACP founded Hull House provided social and educational opportunities for working class people mostly immigrants in the neighborhood in 1889 a leader in the women s suffrage movement and did many things regarding world peace Became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 World s Columbian Exposition The Chicago World s Fair Held in 1893 to celebrate 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus arrival in the New World in 1492 Had profound effect on architecture the arts Chicago s self image showing improvement after Chicago fires and American industrial optimism 2 Designed by Daniel Burnham and Frederick Law Olmstead Designed to follow Beaux Arts principles of design namely French neoclassical architecture based on symmetry balance and splendor Turned down Buffalo Bill s Wild West show still performed right outside exposition and many believed his show the Ferris Wheel saved the exposition as it opened later than expected so people still had entertainment to watch before the exposition officially opened Progressivism An umbrella term for a political ideology advocating or favoring social political and economic reform or changes through the state Often viewed by its advocates to be in opposition to conservative ideologies The Progressive Movement began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in cities with settlement workers and reformers who were interested in helping those facing harsh conditions at home and at work The reformers spoke out about the need for laws regulating tenement housing and child labor They also called for better working conditions for women The term progressivism emerged in reference to a more general response to the vast changes brought by industrialization an alternative to the traditional conservative response to social and economic issues and despite being associated with left wing politics to various more radical political movements such as communism or anarchism Study Guide Exam I I Reconstruction 1865 1877 A What were the North s goals for the South after the Civil War What were the South s needs NORTH 1 RECONSTRUCT the South Economic south lost labor source of wealth war destroyed south Political how should the south return to the union Lincoln wanted to be lenient but others didn t Racial status of blacks not slaves but not citizens 2 EMANCIPATION was the most legally secure means of abolishing slavery Congress and the President agreed that before any southern state could be readmitted to the Union it had to emancipate its own slaves Example Lincoln required Louisiana to abolish slavery as the price 3 for readmission to the Union pg456 Lincoln believed only him as commander and chief had the power to emancipate slaves as a necessity of war so he included an emancipation provision in his own plan 3 RIGHT TO VOTE FOR BLACKS Radicals in the north favored federal guarantees of the civil rights of former slaves including the right to vote and were prepared to use the full force of the federal government to enforce congressional policy in the south Unionist radicals believed that blacks should not be denied the right to vote and were angry at Louisiana s policy of not giving them this right They also believed the 10 loyalty to join the union was too kind and the Banks Plan was to harsh on former slaves North wanted to PRESERVE THE UNION When the number of loyal whites to the Union reached 10 of the 1860 voting population they could organize a new state constitution and government Louisiana was the first State to use this plan to be admitted to the Union It decreed that a state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10 of the 1860 vote count from that state had taken an oath of allegiance to the U S and pledged to abide by emancipation the Bureau of Refugees Freedmen and Abandoned Lands commonly known as the Freedmen s Bureau The Bureau redistributed 850 000 acres of confiscated and abandoned land This idea evolved to a rent with a right to purchase in an effort to educate blacks about thrift and hard work so they could learn to save and buy their own land and no giveaways Blacks believed 200 years of developing the land was enough hard work Lincoln agreed however in 1865 he was assassinated and Andrew Johnson became president SOUTH south wanted to PRESERVE WAY OF LIFE Abiding by these conditions 10 rule Free State whites men in Louisiana in 1864 produced a new state constitution It abolished slavery but it also denied blacks the right to vote White landowners intended to keep their former slaves working in their lands under a yearlong contract be paid 5 of the proceeds of the crop or three dollars per month former master would provide food and shelter and they were forbidden to leave the plantation without permission Banks Plan Right up to the end of war most slaveholders hoped to retain their slaves when they were finally forced to accept emancipation they were furious and resentful As the new state government were coming into existence a wave of violence spread across the South SOUTH BLACKS
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