Water Safety1.1 Billion People don’t have safe drinking waterImproving water quality and related sanitation and hygiene has the potential to prevent:9% disease burden6.3% of all deaths20% of deaths or disease burden in children(1.4 children die per year from diarrhea)Drinking water contaminantsMicroorganismsCrypto, giadriaDisinfectantsChlorine, chloraminesDisinfection byproductsHAAs (haloacetic acids)Inorganic chemicalsLead (.015 mg/L), Arsenic (.01 mg/L), Mercury (.002 mg/L)Organic ChemicalsVinyl Chloride (.002 mg/L), caused from PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipesRadionuclidesUraniumImportant Properties of WaterpHH2O  H+ + OH-Kw= [H+][OH-]/[H2O]=10-14M(molarity)= mol/LpH=-log([H+])acidic, pH<7basic, pH>7Strong AcidIonizes completely, pH=1HClH+ + Cl-Ka=[H+][Cl-]/[HCl]pKa=-log(Ka)Weak AcidDoes not ionize completelyi.e. HClO  H+ + ClO-Ka=[H][ClO-]/[HClO]HClOH+ClO-I.0100C.01-xxxETo get equilibrium values, plug into Ka equation5% rule for xWater Sustainability, 4.19.12 04/19/2012Water Safety- 1.1 Billion People don’t have safe drinking water- Improving water quality and related sanitation and hygiene has the potential to prevent:o 9% disease burdeno 6.3% of all deathso 20% of deaths or disease burden in children (1.4 children die per year from diarrhea)Drinking water contaminants- Microorganismso Crypto, giadria- Disinfectantso Chlorine, chloramines- Disinfection byproductso HAAs (haloacetic acids)- Inorganic chemicalso Lead (.015 mg/L), Arsenic (.01 mg/L), Mercury (.002 mg/L)- Organic Chemicalso Vinyl Chloride (.002 mg/L), caused from PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipes- Radionuclideso UraniumImportant Properties of Water- pHo H2O  H+ + OH-o Kw= [H+][OH-]/[H2O]=10-14 o M(molarity)= mol/Lo pH=-log([H+])o acidic, pH<7 o basic, pH>7- Strong Acido Ionizes completely, pH=1o HClH+ + Cl- Ka=[H+][Cl-]/[HCl] pKa=-log(Ka)- Weak Acido Does not ionize completely i.e. HClO  H+ + ClO- Ka=[H][ClO-]/[HClO]HClO H+ ClO-I .01 0 0C .01-x x xE To get equilibrium values, plug into Ka equation 5% rule for