MHR Exam 2 I Conflict Power and Politics o Conflict in Organization Types of conflict 2 Dysfunctional conflict that is detrimental to organizational goals Functional conflict that is beneficial to organizational goals and and objectives objectives Potential benefits of conflict More effective management of change Increased morale and cohesiveness Better communication Improved creativity 4 Major Categories 1 Personality 2 Intergroup o Polarization o Leads to decrease productivity and finger pointing o Conditional cohesiveness how well the team is doing 3 Cross Cultural 4 Work Family o Conflict Outcomes and Resolution Conflict Escalation where it grows worse overtime Likelihood increases when o Status differences o Different goals Conflict Resolution Strategies Cooperativeness v Assertiveness o Integrating high assertiveness and high coop o Dominating high assertiveness and low coop o Compromising middle o Avoiding low assertiveness and low coop o Obliging low assertiveness and high coop Forms of Alternative Dispute Resolution Facilitation Conciliation Peer Review Ombudsman Regulator Mediation Arbitration o Negotiation Types 2 Distributive Integrative o A fixed pie zero sum game o added value both can win o Steps Clarifying interests Identifying options designing alternative deal packages Selection a deal Finalizing perfecting the deal o Influencing Others Potential outcomes of trying to influence Resistance Compliance Commitment internalization Principles Reciprocity good action with good action Consistency and commitment Authority Social proof Liking Scarcity Tactics Soft Hard o Power Types o Rational persuasion consultation personal appeal ingratiation inspirational appeal o Exchange coalition legitimizing pressure Legitimate based on position Expert in field Reward Coercive perceive ability to have power Referent because of who they are charismatic presence o Ex Gordon Gee has all Sharing power with Others Potential benefits o Increased motivation productivity decision making Required Elements o Information sharing o Employee development o Reward employees o Politics Organizational politics Politics and behaviors found in virtually all organizations Causes include change lack of clarity resource allocation Goal is to exert influence on others Triggered by uncertainty Concepts Issues Individual v Coalition v Network o Coalition 1 issue drunk driving o Network broad energy Effectively wielding political power Always make your own informed decision about you own behavior Framing and timing Position carefully Remember people have LONG memories Mintzberg s Political Games Insurgency revolution from the bottom Counter insurgency higher protesting lower Sponsorship lower down people get sponsors Hunger Games vertical game Alliance Building horizontal game Empire building building power base Budgeting Expertise Strategic candidates fighting ideas o These topics are complex Part of culture that surface when issues arise You need developed skills and credibility respect knowledge Which are your responsibility Best dealt with Integrity Clarity Objectivity II Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations o Contextual information NLRA National Labor Relations Act Amendment Taft Hartley Enforced by National Labor Relations Board Union membership peaked in the 1950 33 of employees Has declined now at 12 overall 1 3 of employees belong to unions but strikes are usually illegal o The number of strikes dropped dramatically over the years o Trends in Union Membership Change in the structure of the economy and workforce Management efforts to control costs i e higher costs of labor Better and stronger HR practices Increased government regulations o Different Types of Membership Environments Closed Shop Union Shop Agency Shop Maintenance of Membership stipulation Associated Union Membership Right to Work stats o Labor involvement differs across the US o Different Types of Labor Orgs National and International unions AFL CIO An umbrella org that represents many units Local Unions These composed of Craft unions narrow and select Industrial unions broad group of people Work Councils Outside the US o Labor related Actions Seen in Workplaces Organizing Certification getting majority of people on your side before the election Specified Interaction between labor and management Filing grievances Conflict mediation Conflict Decertification o Never a shortage of opinions on organized labor III Group and Team Effectiveness o Groups Benefits that stem from good planning For individual o More resources affiliation For organization o Task accomplishment increased creativity and collaboration Types of Groups Formal Informal created by people in organization Roles of group members can play more than one role at a time Task oriented roles initiator evaluator etc that are focused on getting the task accomplished Maintenance roles commentator harmonizer etc Individual roles dominator evader etc Models of Group development these models are complementary not mutually exclusive Tuckman Model 5 Stages in order o Forming o Storming o Norming o Performing o Adjourning Punctuated Equilibrium Model o First meeting this dictates the level of productivity o Inertia o Increase at the halfway point o More inertia toward deadline o Frenzied activity to complete o Teams effects both inside and outside the organization Why they are different than group Leadership shared by everyone Held accountable for individual and team results Has its own objectives Win and lose together measured as collective productivity Types Production Problem solving Task Management Leadership board of directors Cross functional teams Self managed work teams Virtual o Research shows that virtual teams benefit from meeting early on High performance rare o Very specific skills complementary to each other Common purpose o How to build spirit de corps shared pride Set tone early for high standards Focus on group cohesiveness 8 Dimensions of Team effectiveness 1 A clear elevating goal 2 Results driven structure 3 Competent Team members 4 Unified Commitment 5 Collaborative climate 6 Standards of Excellence 7 External Support an Recognition 8 Principled Leadership MOST IMPORTANT o The more you see this the more likely a highly performing team o Group and Team Dynamics Advantages More info diversity resources higher legitimacy Disadvantages Influencing factors Takes more time potential for conflict Team composition Deindividuaiton Social Loafing Social Facilitation
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