1600 s Slave Trade Lead to tensions between Colonies and Britain Revolutionary War Lead to Civil War Late 1600 s people came to America Northern Colonies industrial attracted foreigners cities more social free public education news papers information communication trade various cultures Middle Colonies very similar to Northern Colonies Southern Colonies agricultural lived far apart Protestant hardly any education class system planter class upper class lower class Lead to Civil War South needed slaves more than North because of their way of life slaves worked on farms North believed in sins did not agree with South about slavery The Great Awakening religion became a bigger part of their life doing good deeds not a sinner Enlightenment in America North thought why they did not have Natural Rights John Locke those in north more education starting thinking eventually Revolutionary War Proclamation of 1763 prohibits colonists from settling west from the Appalachian mountains British mercantilism because they needed money from the French and Indian War debts Colonies ONLY TO BENEFIT MOTHER COUNTRY Reinforced Navigation Acts colonies had to sell goods to Britain or have it ship through Britain and be taxed and transported on British ships and vice versa Smuggling power to Customs Officials to search people s houses without warrants British needed more money Sugar Act to lower price on molasses so smuggling would stop Stamp Act had to purchase stamps on every official papers hurt higher more educated classes smart and able to protest direct consumption tax Stamp Act Congress 1765 colonist response Britain had no right to tax them they started boycott of British goods Stamp Act Repealed Declaratory Act took away Stamp Act but British has all the power didn t have much control b c they were so far away Taxation Without Representation colonists who were not represented in Britain were not able to vote on government had to pay taxes Sons of Liberty made up of educated influential men started meeting about taxing Quartering Act people had to house British troops Townshend Acts taxes on everyday items glass paper tea etc anything coming from England or other countries people protesting Boston Massacre tensions and soldiers colonists fight for jobs Boston Tea Party cause Townshend Acts Tea shipped in throw tea overboard Intolerable Act Britain was mad punish colonists shut Boston harbor down Quartering Act more harsh Put under military law British officials did not need to go to court First Continental Congress people from 12 colonies vote for boycott training militiamen minute men declaration of rights and grievances sends to king Lexington and Concord fight between British troops and Colonists First fighting Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense based on John Locke s thinking book widely published had people thinking about independence Declaration of Independence signed July 4th 1776 Written by Thomas Jefferson men of Second Continental Congress philosophy of government all men created equal John Locke list of complaints state should be independent of Britain war 1776 1781 Colonists win Battle of York Town Treaty of Paris treaty that ends war signed 1783 Articles of Confederation 1781 1789 agreement between colonies to remain united Laws passed under Articles Land Ordinance of 1785 divided land rules for territories Northwest Ordinance of 1787 divided area into 5 sections Weakness of Articles no president no executive branch no central courts only congress each state one vote central government had hardly any power asked states for money asked states for men for an army no power to regulate in state trade no power to regulate foreign trade Central government national federal whole country vs local government Writes new form of government p 33 34 in small book Basic Causes of American Revolution Judicial Review when judges review laws made by congress to see if it is constitutional or not Bill of Rights Amendments 1 10 for individual people not government Great Compromise population and states helps big and small states Test Three Republicanism states electing own officials Representative Democracy In order to get rid of the Constitution they had to add a Bill of Rights Reserved Powers powers that are not stated in the Constitution so they can be made within each state education marriage etc Necessary and Proper Clause broad and it stated that the government can make any law that they find necessary and proper elastic clause because it is so broad Unwritten Constitution written after constitution is accepted but not in constitution ex President s cabinet congress splits up into committees judicial review supreme court decide if laws are constitutional or not etc North West Ordinance government banned importation of slavery but slavery was still legal Made the extra land into states that were then free states northwest of country made south angry because free states had no slaves the new states would vote with free states and the balance of power went from the south to the north PLANTS SEEDS OF CIVIL WAR Land Ordinance 1785 set aside some land for public use smaller states did not want Articles of Confederation because lager states could sell land for more money more power compromise that the larger states would sell land for money but the land would go to the government so they could put schools on them Electoral College electoral votes vs popular vote election of president Confederation states had power but had a small central government states constitutions laws for own states were stronger Anti federalists did not want constitution 3 5 compromise slaves counted as 3 5 people so south had more say in congress Hamilton taxed whisky made people upset wanted to create nation bank wanted loose interpretation of the constitution Jefferson wanted a strict interpretation of the constitution Manifest density we are destined by god to have a country from the Atlantic ocean to the pacific ocean used it to take land that is now U S Monroe Doctrine Monroe American president Other countries can keep their territory but if they come and take more land America will fight Industrial revolution in America 1850 s Court Cases increased federal power Recognize these cases McCulloch vs Maryland 1819 Dartmouth College v Woodward 1819 Gibbons v Ogden 1824 Inventions Cotton gin takes seeds out of cotton increased labor James Watt creates steam engine first motor Canals needed lots of labor to make and better trade