EXAM II Study Guide I Spanish American War Imperialism A American isolationism Advocated non involvement in European and Asian conflicts and non entanglement in international politics ex president Grover Cleveland his insistence of the Monroe Doctrine when Great Britain reasserted claims to the border between Venezuela and British President GC says Great Britain needs to take responsibility eventually they cave in US demands to lose their territorial claims This reinforced US dominance in western hemisphere Once a strong isolationist attitude because of experience as a colony could look internationally for expansion changed in 1890 country was finally feeling confined B Causes of war SPANISH AMERICAN WAR 1 U S support of Cuba s independence 2 To protect U S business interests in Cuba 3 Yellow journalism emphasized sensationalism over facts one of many factors that helped push the U S and Spain into war in Cuba provoked widespread public support for the Cuban rebels cried for American military intervention 4 Sinking of the U S S Maine battleship placed in Havana harbor to protect American citizens and property ship blew up killing 260 americans 5 De Lome Letter NY journal published letter from spains minister Enrique du put de lome letter insulted mckinley American public cried out for revenge 6 Cubans wanted freedom 7 Teller amendment henry teller added amendment to war declaration stating u s would not colonize cuba 8 Spain declares war april 24th 1898 splendid little war exacted an unnecessary toll on those who fought it soldiers suffered filth and disease sickness and disease accounted for most of the deaths C Results Treaty of Paris Spain surrended control of Cuba ceded Puerto Rico Guam and the Philippines Mckinley secretly told his treaty negotiators incidental to our tenure in the Philippines is the commercial opportunity to which American statesmanship cannot be indifferent It is just to use every legitimate means for the enlargement of American trade in view of what has been states the U S cannot accept less than the cession in full right and sovereignty of the island of Luzon Officially ended war with spain spain ceded cuba Puerto rico guam and philipines stunning debut for America as a world power D Open Door Policy Roosevelt Corollary Panama Canal Roosevelt Corollary gave US international police power in Latin America US would use the military to intervene in Latin American affairs if necessary to ensure order and suppress European influence Open Door Policy called for all the powers in the sphere of influence to open up their land for trade and also for all nations to have equal access to china for trade Sec of state John Hay sent diplomatic cables to Germany Japan France Britain and Italy who essentially ignored them allowing each foreign nation in china to trade freely if they did not attempt to colonize unhindered access to markets where they could compete successfully against economic rivals Panama Canal Teddy Roosevelt decided to construct the Panama Canal in order to facilitate trade enhanced access to US colonies in pacific as well as trade with Asia poisoned US relations with Latin America because of the questionable way US gained rights to build canal II World War I worst war in human history 10 million dead caused by international rivalries consequence of imperialism Europe controlled 84 of the world A American neutrality US intended to stay out of WWI o Public wanted to stay our of war wanted to isolate and remain neutral Wilson reacted to outbreak of war by issuing a neutrality declaration Neutral US had the right to export non military goods to all warring powers B Reasons for entry into war Sinking of Lusitania unrestricted subwarfare british passenger liner torpedoed by a german submarine in 1915 while sailing between NY and England killed 128 americans Germany presumes unrestricted submarine warfare stopping all merchant shipping in atlantic with u boats to starve Britain and france warned americans that they would sink ships supplying to allies Zimmerman telegram proposed if mexico joined germany in a war against US Germany would be victorious british intelligence intercepted the letter and sent to American officers US began to question neutrality Armed neutrality Germany was not w a direct threat to US Wilson ordered arming of amreican merchant ships and awaited inevitable u boat attacks Strong economic ties to the European powers Bolshevik Revolution first red scare Assassination of archduke Ferdinand teenage serb nationalist assassinated Austrian heir to the throne led to the creation of two warring sides US entry into war US CENTRAL POWERS Germany autria hungary Bulgaria ottoman empire ALLIED POWERS great Britain france Russia Italy US Declaration of war april 2nd 1917 wilson asked congress to declare war on german militarism wanted a world made safe for democracy Wilson 14 points idealistic goals for fighting freedom of the seas free trade arms reduction rights of national self determination league of nations C Effects of new technologies Mechanized warfare TNT trench warfare u boats used by Germans TNT machine gun chemical weapons artillery tanks airplanes U boats D America s new international role We were increasingly isolationist post WWI However after the second world war we were bent on containing communism and sort of dropped isolationism The role of the US went imperialist Spain isolationist kind of throughout both wars however wehad to intervene interventionist stop the spread of communism after WWII E Versailles Treaty Germany got blamed for the war had to pay for reparations and the army would be disarmed 1919 peace treaty at the end of WW1 which established new nations borders and war reparations created independent Poland czech yugo hungary and finland Wilson wanted nothing for US goals laudable but unrealistic allies wanted Germany blamed for war US fails to ratify treaty 1 Wilson s influence influence of Progressivism 2 League of Nations US never joins organization proposed by Woodrow Wilson in 1918 following WW1 purpose was to guarantee the sovereignty of individual nations and provide forum for mediating disputes fight for treaty of Versailles many progressives voiced doubts about both treaty and league Wilson did a cross country tour to find support rejection of treaty and league signified a deep divide between American leaders 3 Fight over Senate ratification House and senate were controlled by Republicans so it was
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