VI-1: Number (#) L (cm)1 176.02 177.53 161.04 159.05 160.96 162.47 175.08 174.09 174.010 175.0Calculation of mean & standard deviation can be done using excelFor the first 3 measurements:-Average value of L: 171.5cm-Standard deviation of L: 9.124144cm-Standard deviation of the mean of L: 5.267826995cmCalculation of standard deviation of the mean:σx=σx√N=9.124144√3=5.267826995 cmFor the first 5 measurements:-Average value of L: 166.88cm-Standard deviation of L: 9.060739484cm-Standard deviation of the mean of L: 4.052085666cmFor all 10 measurements:-Average value of L: 169.48cm-Standard deviation of L: 7.558042075cm-Standard deviation of the mean of L: 2.390062737cmL ± σL=169 ± 2As more measurements were taken, standard deviation got smaller, which means there is less variability from the mean as more measurements are taken.VI-2:Minimum graduation on ammeter 1.0 mAMinimum graduation on voltmeter 0.5 VParallax reading of current 29 mAParallax reading of voltage 5 VMeasured Current 30 mAMeasured voltage 4.5 VR using DVM 147.8 ohmsCalculation of uncertainty of current ( σI):σI=√(σIdue¿parallax)2+(σIdue¿meter graduations)2σIdue ¿ parallax= Actual value− parallax value=¿30 – 29 = 1mAσIdue ¿ parallax = 0.5 x smallest graduation = 0.5 x 1 = 0.5mATherefore, σI=√(1)2+(0.5)2=1.118033989 mASame calculation is applied to the uncertainty of voltageσV=0.5590169944 VUsing equation R = V/I:V= 4.5 volts, I= 30 mAR= (4.5 volts)/ (30 mA)= 0.150 volts/ mA = 150ΩWith the equation C=AB, σCC=√(σAA)2+(σBB)2Thus, with the equation R=VI,σRR=√(σVV)2+(σII)2σR=R√(σVV)2+(σII)2=¿(150)√(1.1180339894.5)2+(0.559016994430)2=37.3724683 ΩR ± σR = 150 ± 40 ΩThe calculated value of R does agree with the measured value of the resistance 147.8Ω.VI-3:The equation R=VI, which is V =IR compares with:y=sx + bThus, s=R and b should be 0s ± ❑s= 148.0 ± 0.3Ωb ± ❑b = 0.25 ± 0.03V Since slope s=R, therefore, R ± ❑R= 148.0 ± 0.3Ω The result of VI-2, the DVM measurement of the resistance and this value do agree. I (A) V (Volts)0.005 10.005 10.005 10.010 1.70.010 1.70.010 1.80.015 2.50.015 2.50.015 2.50.020 3.10.020 3.10.020 3.20.025 4.00.025 4.00.025 4.0 Slope148 0.253333y-interceptUncertainty of slope2.05896 0.034144Uncertainty in