Experiment ES1: ElectrostaticsIn this experiment you will accomplish the following tasks:1) Determine the fraction of charge transferred during a conductive charge transfer.2) Investigate the behavior of the Faraday Pail system including how it responds to changes in internal charge distributions and charging by induction.3) Investigate conservation of chargeReminder: Failure to show your work on your calculations will result in lost points.It is very difficult to measure charge directly. We need to meet three conditions to carry out this experiment:1) A device that we can place charges into.2) A means of “scooping up” (sampling) charges to get them into this device 3) A way to measure some property of the device that is related to the charges that were placed in it.The device that we will use is known as a Faraday Pail. The pail is an open ended conducting cylinder mounted on an insulator. It is surrounded by an open ended conducting cylindrical shield. These open ends make it easy to put charges into the pail.This meets the first condition.The proof plane is an Aluminum disc on a non-conducting handle. If you touch it to a charged object, it will pick up an amount of charge proportional to the amount of charge on the object around the point of contact, allowing you to move those charges to the Faraday pail.This satisfies the second condition.++++++1000 V ++Charge Sampling++++The Faraday pail and its shield together form a capacitor. The potential difference between these two conductors will always be proportional to the charge q stored on them.A capacitor is a device that stores charge q on one or more conductors. The potential difference V between these conductors is given by the relationship:The capacitance C is a constant that depends on the construction of the individual capacitor. For a given capacitor, q is directly proportional to V. Any measure of V will then be proportional to q.Measuring this potential difference satisfies our third condition.qCVThe Faraday pail works in the following fashion:1) Electric field inside a conductor must be 0. 2) Placing a charged object into the pail causes the free charges in the pail to re-arrange themselves to make the E = 0 in the pail conductor. 3) Additional charges will flow onto or off of the shield (because it is grounded) to ensure E is 0 inside that conductor as well. The electrometer can now beused to measure the potentialbetween the conductors.Charging by Conduction:Touch the proof plane to the pail. Charge will flow from proof plane to pail, and will be trapped there. The capacitor is now charged, and Vcan be read from the electrometer. Charging by Induction:Insert the proof plane into the pail without touching the pail. In this case the electrometer will read only as long as we keep the proof plane inside the pail. The electrometer will read zero when we remove the proof plane. Please note the charge q on the proof plane can be determined in either of the following ways:There is one remaining issue: Connecting a meter betweenthe pail and the shield provides a path for charges to movefrom one to the other. We are counting on those charges being static so that we can measure the potential and deduce something about the charge.The solution is to use an electrometer. This is a specialtype of voltmeter that has a very high resistance. Thisresistance (about 1014) is high enough that the charges do not transfer by any appreciable amount during the experiment.|||||||||||||||||||||||VOLTS FULL SCALEBASIC ELECTROMETER3 10 30 100SIGNAL INPUTGROUNDINSTRUMENT GROUND: Aluminum plate or water pipeThe ElectrometerUsing the Electrometer:1) The electrometer must be grounded!2) Person operating electrometer must be grounded!3) Select the scale as appropriate. 4) The signal input is a coaxial cable, with the center conductor being the input, and the outer conductor connected to instrument ground.5) Pressing the zero button will short the input to ground; e.g. the inner and outer conductors are momentarily connected. This will discharge the Faraday pail.The Aluminum plate must be grounded to the water pipes!!!ZEROThe electrometer is a special type of voltmeter.It has a very high resistance, allowing you tomeasure the potential difference while permitting almost no charge to flow through it.1. Charge the proof plane by rubbing it against one of the charge producers2. Touch the proof plane on the bottom of the pail. Record the reading V1of the electrometer3. Remove the proof plane from the pail. Discharge the pail by pressing the “push to zero” button.4. Repeat step 2. Record the new reading V2of the electrometer. V-2211VpVVI-1 of the report1. For each of the five trials in V-2, tabulate the data and calculate p.2. Calculate and 3. Report ppppSection V-3:In this section you will investigate charge conservationRub both charge producers together Insert the blue charge producer inside the pail but do not touch the pail bottom. Record the electrometer reading VblueInsert the white charge producer inside the pail but do not touch the pail bottom. Record the electrometer reading VwhiteInsert both charge producer inside the pail but do not touch the pail bottom. Record the electrometer reading VfinalVI-2 of the reportTabulate the data from section V-4. For each trial do the following:Calculate the sum of the electrometer reading for the white chargeproducer and the blue charge producer.Compare this sum to the electrometer reading when both chargeproducers were inserted into the pail.1. Charge the proof plane by rubbing it against one of the charge producers2. Insert the proof plane inside the pail. Record the electrometer reading Vinsert3. Momentarily ground the pail bypressing the “push to zero” button. Record the electrometer reading VgroundSection V-4:In this section you will investigate charging by induction4. Withdraw the proof plane from the pail. Record the electrometer reading Vwithdraw5. Touch the proof plane on the bottom of the pail. Record the electrometer reading VfinalVI-3 of the reportTabulate the data from section V-5. For each step (e.g insert, ground, withdraw and touch) do the following:Sketch the pail, shield and proof plane. Show the charges on each conductor. Use the figure on the previous page as a guide. Make certain to use consistent numbers of charges. For example, note that the number of charges on the inside wall of the pail