PHY-152, Electricity/Optics Lab• TA Name:• TA Office:• TA Office Hours:• Lab Supervisor: Mr. Scott Whitmire, Room [email protected]• Please note that the lab will be in different rooms each week. See Syllabus for details.Syllabus Overview• Read the syllabus. All of it. No, really, read it. Please.• Lab reports are due one week after lab session at the beginning of lab. • Late reports get 0.• Three 0 grades receives F for the course.• There is one makeup session at the end of the semester. See Syllabus for details.• Read all materials (including the entire prologue of the manual) prior to coming to lab.• Bring all materials (data tables, manual etc.) to lab each week.Syllabus Overview (continued)• Each group must hand in a copy of their data before they leave the lab. • Please sign the attendance sheet every lab.• Academic dishonesty (including using data you did not take in this class) will not be tolerated.• Grades will be posted on UBLearns. It is your responsibility to verify that they are correctly recorded there.• There will be a Final Exam at the end of the semester.• A final average of less than 30% OR three 0 grades is an F. A final average between 30% and 45% OR scoring less than 30% on the final exam is a D.Lab Reports• All reports must be typed. MS Word has the ability to render equations, but calculations may be hand written.• Do not work together on your reports!• All reports must be handed in in person.• There are tutorials on UBLearns (in the “Lab Materials” folder, you will find another folder labelled “Tutorials”.) There is a sample lab report, an Excel tutorial, a grading rubric and a list of frequently asked questions there. You will also find corrections to the lab manual there.• Read the entire prologue of the lab manual.A note about shown workYou should explicitly show the algebraic steps in your calculations. These may be hand written, but your TA should be able to follow all of the steps based only on what you’ve written. Failure to do so will result in lost points.At a minimum, you must give the equation you are using as one step and show the substitution of values into that equation as a second step. This is true for any calculated quantity not directly pulled from Excel (standard deviation, average or LINEST)Whenever you are asked to report an answer and its uncertainty, it is to be in the format x ±xExperiment EC0: Error AnalysisIn this experiment you will accomplish the following tasks:1) Make a series of measurements of length and calculate the average, standard deviation and the standard deviation of the mean of this set of measurements.2) Measure the current passing through and the voltage difference across a resistor. Using these quantities and their uncertainties, you will determine the resistance. This data will be used to understand how to propagate uncertainties through calculations.3) Measure the voltage difference across a resistor as a function of the current flowing through it. This data will be used to understand least squares fitting.V-1Using the ruler, each student should measure the length of the long side of the lab table L 3 or 4 times. You should have a total of 10 measurements.It is important that each member of the group make their measurements without discussing the measurement with other members of the group.This is to ensure that your partners numbers do not influence your measurement.VI-1 of the reportTabulate all 10 measurements of L. List them in the table in random order.Determine the average, standard deviation and standard deviation ofthe mean for first 3 measurements.Repeat this for the first 5 measurements.Now do this for all 10 measurements. Discuss how the number of measurements affects the standard deviationof the mean.Standard DeviationThe standard deviation tells you how individual measurements aredistributed about the mean (average). It also represents the uncertaintyof a single measurement. Lrepresents how scattered your individualmeasurements of L are, and it also tells you the uncertainty of a singlemeasurement.Lis the standard deviation of the mean. It tells you the uncertainty inyour best estimate (the mean) for L. The two quantities are related by: 22 212... and 1Nxx xxx xx xxNNV-2Wire the circuit as shown. R1is set to 100 Ohms, and you may use any of the unknown resistors.Adjust the power supply voltage until the ammeter reads approximately 30.0 mA.Record I, V with your eye centered over the meters. Record the smallest divisions on both meters.V-2 ContinuedWhen reading the voltage or current, make certain to use the correct scale: For example, if you are using the 15 V scale on the voltmeter, read from the upper set of numbers. If you are using the 3 or 300 V scale, read the lower set.Record the values of V and I with your centered over the meter and with your eye shifted approximately 30 cm off center from the meter. The difference between these two readings is the estimate of the effects of parallax on your readings.Finally, remove the unknown resistor completely from the circuit and measure/record its resistance using the DVM.VI-2 of the reportDetermine the uncertainty in the current, Iand the uncertainty in the voltage V.Using Iand Vdetermine and report R ±R.The uncertainty due to meter graduations is typically ½ of the smallestgraduationCompare R as determined from the current and voltage to the directlymeasured value given by the DVM. Do they agree?  2222 due to parallax due to meter graduations due to parallax due to meter graduationsII IVV V  V-3Using the circuit shown below, measure and record V for the following values of I: I = 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, and 25.0 mA.R1should be set to 100 Ohms. Each member of the group should do a complete set of measurements.The resistance R of a resistor is given by the following relationship between the voltage V across the resistor and the current I flowing through the resistor:Compare with VI-3 of the reportVRIysxbVRIIf the data are plotted as V vs I, they should lie on a straight linewith a slope s = R and with an intercept b = 0.VI-3 of the report (continued)y = 149.96x + 0.000800.511.522.533.540 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03V (Volts)I (Amperes)V vs. ITabulate the data of V-3 and plot V vs I. Use LINEST in