REL 137g 1st Edition Lecture 3 Current Lecture Muhammed and The Beginning of Islam 610 C E Revelations from God Beginning of Islam End of Jahiliyah Pre Islamic period Connotes ignorance and barbarism Not the beginning of the Muslim calendar That begins in 622 C E Around 40 years old Makes claims that can neither be proven nor denied Married with children Wife Khadijah 5 6 children Abd Allah Qasim Zaynah Umm Kulthum Ruqayya Fatimah All sons died in infancy he had no prodigy Worked for his wife Had a normal life In 610 Muhammed is visited in a cave by the angel Gabriel Told to read and recite but he is illiterate Nothing to read so Gabriel tells Muhammed what to read and recite 5 original verses Prophet hood Wahyu Undetectable communication with God Muhammed initially thought he was going insane With Muhammed s death Wahyu is finished Therefore he was the last prophet A critical and cardinal belief of Islam Nabi Prophet Not necessarily about predicting the future More about having Wahyu Rasul Messenger Meccans do not accept Muhammed 3 main moral religious messages of Islam Prophet hood Is a representative of the people Conduits between God and his people Separates revealed from natural religion Natural religions No need for representatives prophets Can find answers knowledge out in nature Direct communication Example Deism Revealed religions Can only acquire answers through the creator And therefore through prophets and messengers Chosen by God not something a person can chose to become Tawhid attribute Monotheism Literally to make one Rabb The sustainer caretaker fashioner of universe Ilah Object of cosmic hope fear debt etc Deeper feelings than what is typically felt Results in rituals that humans utilize out of cosmic beliefs something greater than themselves One must makes one s ilah the rabb There is no god but God Antithesis Shirk partnership to take qualities that only belong to the creator and them to something else polytheism Kufr Kafir An unbeliever in Muhammed Afterlife Resurrection and a final judgment that leads to either reward or punishment The only unforgivable sin is Shirk Which is the opposite of Tawhid Negates the very essence of Islam Hijrah Migration from Mecca to Medina in 622 C E Muhammed left because the Meccans wanted to kill him In Medina he acquires power and becomes head of the community War Primary adversaries Meccans Pagans around Medina Because inside Medina people of other religions were allowed to practice as they wished Before he dies Muhammed is able to get back to Mecca where he casts out all the idols Returns to Medina and dies in 632 C E All Koramic revelations come to an end
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