REL 137g 1st Edition Lecture 6 Current LectureSunna vs. HadithSunnaA way of doing that others follow and therefore make legitimateCumulative nature that become normative HadithSimply records what the Prophet said or didHow justified is assuming that just because the Prophet said/did something it should be a norm?What if it was just a casual act?“The Prophet said ‘x’”Hadith does not say that he meant for ‘x’ to become a normResults in disagreement amongst scholars “Does Hadith equal Sunna or not?Successors who wanted to determine what should be taken as normativeMalikAbu Hanifa Successors who determined that all is Sunna, had no right to make judgments otherwiseAl-ShafiiIbn Hanbal Formal collection of Hadith in the third generation of successors To systematize a pre-existing practice The 6 books create this collection The expansion throughout the generations of successors also comes with geographical expansionThrough Middle East and different politics CaliphChief administrator of community But understood to not have as infallible understanding of the religion as MuhammedFirst caliph, Abu BakrOne of Muhammed’s closest companionsNext, UmarThen, ‘Uthman Official codex, written record of the Koran‘AliCousin and son in law of Muhammed None of these are sons of predecessors, no dynastic ruleThese caliphs are known as “The Rightly Guided Caliphs”The community recognized that they lived consistently with the Prophet’s teachingsMen of integrity, did what Muhammed would have done All except Abu Bakr were assassinatedUmar ended system of pacification created by Abu BakrLetting tribes do what they wanted when they converted Assassination of ‘Uthaman began first great schism Because he belonged to Umayyad tribe who opposed ProphetUmayyadsNot rightly guided, used religion for their own gain Mu’awiyaPushed to have ‘Uthman’s death avenged First dynasty in Islam ‘Uthman was a convert and believer but still a member of the tribe He restarted system of pacification, favored certain tribes over othersPolitical assassination Schism really begins with ‘AliRelatives of ‘Uthman demand justice ‘Ali responded with the motive of saving the unionSaw this as a petty vendetta that would make things worseWanted to move on in the interest of the community at largeActs of retribution would only be met with more retribution Battle of the Camel in 656Led by Muhammed’s wife, AishahBelieved the murderers of ‘Uthman should be pursued Battle of Suffin Ali, the Caliph vs. Mu’awiyah, from Umayyads and governor of Damascus Mu’awiyah would not pledge allegiance to ‘Ali unless he avenged ‘UthmanEach are joined by followers‘AliShiites (partisans)Kharijites Turn against ‘Ali for his decision to surrender to arbitration Assasinate ‘AliMu’awiyah becomes 5th CaliphBut not a rightly guided CaliphBegins political SunnismThe majority of people come back to ‘Ali’s decisionEmpire building and preservation over war Constitute 80-90% of the world’s Muslims Beginning of Umayyads dynasty Capital is Damascus; Medina is no long Islamic capital Taken out of home, puts Muslims in a place where they are a numerical minorityArab chauvinistsThey are Arabians and look upon all non-Arabians as inferior Mawali – Arabasized non-ArabsClans that attach themselves to an Arabian tribe Because of these values, they allowed for enough time for Muhammed’s teachings to become legitimized ShiitesTiny group with a separate history 10-15% of the world’s