StuDocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or universityExam Fall 2013, questions and answersAcademic Support For Biog 1440: Physiology (Cornell University)StuDocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or universityExam Fall 2013, questions and answersAcademic Support For Biog 1440: Physiology (Cornell University)Downloaded by yelena radutskaya ([email protected])lOMoARcPSD|3454541Exam 2 Fall 2013BioG 1440 Comparative PhysiologyFall 2013 Exam 2Filling out your answer sheet.1) Please use a #2 pencil only on the optical-scan answer sheets. Fill in circles completely and avoid darkening areas outside the circles. Erase carefully and completely please.2) For the individual exam, legibly PRINT your last and first names at the top of the sheet. 3) In the appropriate boxes, write your Cornell Student ID number and your study group number (1301-1350). You may leave the section number information blank.4) Carefully fill in the circles under the numbers you just wrote. Please note that these numbers will identify you so be careful not to make any errors.5) Answer the demographic questions below using the bubbles in the upper right section of the answer sheet.6) Do not turn past the third page of this packet or begin working on the exam until instructed to do so.Demographic Questions. Please answer the following questions to help us evaluate your preparation for this course. Fill in your answer to these questions in the upper right portion of your answer sheet.D1) How well prepared do you think you are for this exam?A = pretty well prepared, C = moderately well prepared, E = no well preparedD2) How useful is your study group in preparation for the individual exam?A = very useful, C = moderately useful, E = not usefulD3) Have you changed your study habits since the first exam?A = no, B = yesD4) Did you look at the Strategies for Success in BioG 1440 document?A = no, B = yesD5) Have you been using the Learning Objectives regularly to guide your reading and studying?A = regularly, B = often, C = sometimes, D = occasionally, E = neverInstructions for the Individual Exam. There are a total of 41 true/false questions on this exam. You should assume that any bold text that precedes a question is correct information that you may need to evaluate the statement(s) that follow. You will have 60 1Downloaded by yelena radutskaya ([email protected])lOMoARcPSD|3454541Exam 2 Fall 2013minutes to complete the individual exam. If you finish before the allotted 60 minutes, you will need to remain in your seat until told to turn in your exam.For all questions, T = true, F = false. Each question is worth one point.In addition to filling out the answer sheet, you should also circle your answers on these pages so you can use them in the group exam and take them home to check against the answer key that will be posted in the Exams folder after the conclusion of the group exam. You are strongly encouraged to draw diagrams or models to help you understand what the question is asking and aid in determining the correct answer.Instructions for the Group Exam1) One student from each group will be instructed to come to pick up an answer sheet for the group.2) Leave the name, ID number and section number areas blank. ONLY fill in the study group # and the circles below.3) At the bottom of the sheet, print the first and last names of each member of the group. Print legibly and make sure the writing does not interfere with the answer circles above4) You will have 30 minutes to complete the group exam.5) When you are done with the group exam, you may turn in your answer sheet and leave the exam room.Do not turn to the next page until told to do so.Plexers are word puzzles in which common words or phrases are suggested by the spatial relationship between words, letters or numbers. This one is easy:HelixHelix(double helix).How about this one:GibraltarcaughtCornellAnswer on last page of exam, but don’t look until you have completed the exam!2Downloaded by yelena radutskaya ([email protected])lOMoARcPSD|3454541Exam 2 Fall 2013A protein phosphatase is an enzyme thatremoves a phosphate group from a protein,while a protein kinase transfers aphosphate group from ATP to a protein.Both protein kinases and phosphatases arecommon to many signal transductionpathways (STP). While the activity of thekinase is turned on or off by the signalingpathway, the phosphatase is usually activeall the time. Because of this, 1) signaling proteins that are phosphorylated by a kinase will not remain phosphorylated for very long. (T/F) 2) mutations that block the function of a kinase in an STP will have the same phenotype(s) as mutation that block the function of a phosphatase in the same STP. (T/F) 3) phosphatases provide a mechanism for turning off steps in a signaling pathway when the signal is no longer present. (T/F) The rate and depth of breathing in humans is controlled by a receptor in the medulla of the brain. The receptor senses changes in CO2 concentration in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid via changes in pH. A mutation in this receptor protein results in the inability of an individual to increase the rate or depth of breathing in response to increasing blood CO2. The mutation results in a single amino acid change between the wild type and the mutant. 4) The phenotype of the mutant protein is consistent with the replacement of an amino acid with an acidic or basic R-group in the wild type receptor with a polar amino acid in the mutant receptor. (T/F) 5) A mutation in one of the proteins in hemoglobin that prevents H+ binding could result in a similar mutant phenotype as the single amino acid change in the receptor that controls breathing. (T/F) Quorum sensing is a mechanism by which bacteria communicate with one another, and is used to detect the population of other bacteria around them.6) The production of the signaling molecule used in quorum sensing by a single bacteriumvaries depending on how many bacteria of the same species are nearby. (T/F)3Downloaded by yelena radutskaya ([email protected])lOMoARcPSD|3454541Exam 2 Fall 2013Compared to the vast number of proteins that function in signal transduction pathways, the number of second messengers is relatively small. However, each ofthese second messengers is known to function in many different signaling pathways. For example, Ca2+ ions are known to function in nearly 40% of signaling pathways in eukaryotic cells.7) The