FIU CHM 4130 - Key_for Chapter_6 (3 pages)

CHAPTER 6 Key 6 1 a Coherent radiation is radiation that is made up of wave trains having identical frequencies or sets of frequencies and phase relationships that are constant with time b Dispersion in a transparent medium is its variation in refractive index as a function of wavelength c Anomalous dispersion is the sharp change in refractive index of a substance in a wavelength region where absorption is occurring d The work function of a substance is a constant that measures the energy required to remove an electron from the surface of the substance e The photoelectric effect involves the emission of electrons from the surface of a substance brought about by a beam of radiation f The ground state of a molecule is its lowest energy state g Electronic excitation is the process by which electrons in a substance are promoted from their ground state to higher electronic states by absorption of energy h Blackbody radiation is the continuum radiation emitted by a solid when it is heated i Fluorescence is a type of emission which is brought about by irradiating atoms ions or molecules with electromagnetic radiation Fluorescence involves a singlet tosinglet transition The lifetime of the excited state in fluorescence is very short 10 5 s or less j Phosphorescence is a type of emission brought about by irradiating a molecular system with electromagnetic radiation Phosphorescence involves a triplet to singlet transition and the excited state lifetime is longer than that of a fluorescing species k Resonance fluorescence is a type of emission in which the radiation produced is of the same wavelength as that used to excite the fluorescence l A photon is a bundle or particle of radiant energy with a magnitude of h where h is Planck s constant and is the frequency of the radiation m Absorptivity a is defined by the equation a A bc where A is the absorbance of a medium contained in a cell length of b and concentration c The path length b is expressed in cm or another specific unit of length The concentration is expressed in units such as g L n The wavenumber of radiation is the reciprocal of the wavelength in centimeters C 7 0 1 6 68 J6 1 C 7 6 1 IK8 J6 1A 0 17 1 6 1 6 1A 6 0 8 o Relaxation is a process whereby an excited species loses energy and returns to a E 1C1 1 6 3 1 C 7 3 1 7 1 lower energy state p The Stokes shift is the difference in wavelength between the incident radiation and the wavelength of fluorescence or scattering 3 1 8 p The Stokes shift is the difference in wavelength between the incident radiation J6 L D 6 6 7 1A 6 6 7 17 1 and the wavelength of fluorescence or scattering 0 1 2 1 3 4 5 6 78 961 5 1 7 6 1A 6 1 8 6 2 6 Q c 8QQP u MN MN 0I MO 0 0 1 2 1 3 4 5 78 961 5 8 A B 0 O u Q 5B 8 H H H R8PN u MN ST P O 58 R U u MN 0IU C C B QE 0MO VMC 85 u B hQ 585 5 u B D D u 8 u B VWR VM5 8 A u B X u R8PN u MN 0 E H hOQ H 585 5 u MN H W8MP u MN X B c 8FF C 0 C C B VM5 u B MP VM W EE H W8MP u MN D u 8 u B 85 u B D 5E 8 O hQ 585 5 u B 8 0 X u 58 R u MN H M8QQ u MN A 5 Q 5 u B 6 B MN 0 1 2 1 3 4 5 78 961 5 cc 8FF u BuC MN 0 8QQP 0I MW D M 5E 8 u MNC 5 8 0 E 585 5 u B 5BW8 O H hQ H H P8Y R Q 5 D u 8 0 8 B u B R Q 5 u B 0I 0 W8YMO 0 u MN 6 5 O C8 D 0 A u 585C5 F E A8 u F u 5 8 1 c E55 E 8FF uC B B 0 C 5 B 5E 8 EQ hQ 585 5 u B 8BF u B D u 0 0 55 0 D u 8 0 8 B u B O F 0 u B A 0 0 c C8 D 8FF u 0 B B 0 B C E 585C5 F E A85 u u u A B 5E 8 QE uC 8BF B 0 v c G n 8FF u B 0 G 8BF 8A u B F H GG B A u u 0 0 F 0 B 0 0 O GG B v 8A u B 0 B I C B A I E E EcGG I E55 I A8 u E 58 C u C IC vO Gn 0 G 8BF 8A u B 0 F E A85 u u B 0 0 B 0 01H H 8FF u B 8BF u B Q u A LM8 N M v J 6 O 3 6 J K6 01 6 v 8A u B B 0 m 8 A B O u B 0 0 B 0 5E58 n u B H Q 8 8BF 8F 6 0 P 74 Q 013 Q 6 6 B C C CA C IC hQ hc uO 585 5 D u 8FF B A B LM 0 5EA8 E nEH01H E 58 C u B 8 F E R mvC E R 8 uu vC GIAAF 0 u B 0 0 J 5E58 8F C F 8 Cuu B D C C C C CA C 58 C u GIAAF 0 u B 0 0 J hQ hc O 585 5 LM 0 u BC D E A85 u 8FF uu BG B 0 0 5EA8 E v E A 8 u LM E u 8 u BC F D A85 u BC FD 2 6 K 6 0 6 L3 61 1 L34 6 10 C F 8 u B D 5 8 S 0 S M 5 CC4 1 C T U M Q 01 7 J 5 08 01HC O hcGE 585 5 uO B D u 8FF u B B 0 C u BA 0 0C GA85 u BC F C F 2 6 K 6 0 6 L3 61 1 L34 E u 8 u B D A85 u BC FD k 5B 0 E TO01HE C T 5 0 E A8C u 5 T 0 O hcGE 585 5 u BC D u 8FF u B B 0 C u BA 0 0C GA85 u BC F 2 D T4 MD B D 0 E u u 8 u B F D 5E 8 5B 0 0 MD 58B u B 6 O01H E kPTE A8C u 5 T 0P D T E 8D u A 0 8D P0 MD B D …