Information Systems: A Manager’s Guide to Harnessing TechnologySlide 2Chapter 12 A Manager’s Guide to The Internet and TelecommunicationsLearning ObjectivesSlide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Figure 12.1 – The Internet is a network of networks, and these networks are connected togetherFigure 12.2 – Anatomy of a Web AddressThe Web AddressHost and Domain Names: A Bit More Complex Than ThatI Want My Own DomainIP Addresses and the Domain Name SystemFigure 12.3 – When your Computer needs to find the IP address for a host or domain name, it sends a message to a DNS resolver, which looks up the IP address starting at the root nameserverThe Internet is Almost FullTCP/IP – The Internet’s Secret SauceFigure 12.4 – TCP/IP in ActionRoutersUDP: TCP’s Faster, Less Reliable SiblingVoIPFinance has a Need for SpeedWatching the Packet Path via TracerouteWhat Connects the Routers and Computers?Last Mile: Faster Speed, Broader AccessCable BroadbandDSL – Phone Company CopperFiber – A Light-filled Glass Pipe to your DoorstepWireless3G standards4G standardsSatellite WirelessWi-Fi and other hotspotsNet Neutrality- What’s Fair?1-1Information Systems: A Manager’s Guide to Harnessing Technology1-2This work is licensed under theCreative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.To view a copy of this license,visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/or send a letter toCreative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA1-3Chapter 12A Manager’s Guide to The Internet and Telecommunications1-4Learning Objectives•Describe how the technologies of the Internet combine to answer the questions: What are you looking for? Where is it? And how do we get there?•Interpret a URL, understand what hosts and domains are, describe how domain registration works, describe cybersquatting, and give examples of conditions that constitute a valid and invalid domain-related trademark dispute1-5Learning Objectives•Describe certain aspects of the Internet infrastructure that are fault tolerant and supports load balancing •Discuss the role of hosts, domains, IP addresses, and the DNS in making the Internet work•Understand the layers that make up the Internet – application protocol, transmission control protocol, and internet protocol – and describe why each is important1-6Learning Objectives•Discuss the benefits of Internet architecture in general, TCP/IP in particular•Name applications that should use TCP, and others that might use UDP •Understand what a router does, and the role these devices play in networking1-7Learning Objectives•Conduct a traceroute and discuss output, demonstrating how Internet interconnections work in getting messages from point to point•Appreciate why mastery of Internet infrastructure is critical to modern finance, and be able to discuss the risks in automated trading systems•Describe VoIP, contrast circuit vs. packet switching, along with organizational benefits and limitations of each1-8Learning Objectives•Understand the last mile problem, and be able to discuss the pros and cons of various broadband technologies including DSL, cable, fiber, and various wireless offerings •Describe 3G and 4G systems, listing major technologies and their backers •Understand the issue of net neutrality and put forth arguments supporting or criticizing the concept1-9Figure 12.1 – The Internet is a network of networks, and these networks are connected together•The Internet is a network of millions of networks1-10Figure 12.2 – Anatomy of a Web Address1-11The Web Address•Hypertext transfer protocol (http) - application transfer protocol that allows web browsers and web servers to communicate•A domain name represents an organization and a host refers to public services offered by that organization–Host and domain names are case-insensitive•Path maps to folder location where file is stored on server–Path and filenames are case sensitive•Filename refers to name of file stored on serverItem Number: 1017839401-12Host and Domain Names: A Bit More Complex Than That •A domain name represents an organization–Hosts are public services offered by that organization•Load Balancing: Distributing a computing or networking workload across multiple systems in order to avoid congestion and slow performance•Fault Tolerant: Systems that are capable of continuing operation even if a component fails1-13I Want My Own Domain •One can register a domain name, paying for a renewable right to use that domain name•Domain name registration is handled on a first-come, first-served basis. All registrars share registration data to ensure that no two firms gain rights to the same name•Cybersquatting: Acquiring a domain name that refers to a firm, individual, product, or trademark; with the goal of exploiting it for financial gain1-14IP Addresses and the Domain Name System•Every device connected to the Internet has an identifying address called the Internet Protocol (IP) address•The domain name service is hierarchical system of nameservers that maps host-domain name combinations to IP addresses•The cache is a temporary storage space that speeds up IP address mapping by avoiding nameserver visits1-15Figure 12.3 – When your Computer needs to find the IP address for a host or domain name, it sends a message to a DNS resolver, which looks up the IP address starting at the root nameserver1-16The Internet is Almost Full•Inefficient allocation of IP addresses and exploding number of Internet connected devices means that we’re running out of IP addresses •Shifting to a new IP scheme such as IPv6 increases the possible address space to a new theoretical limit of 2128 addresses1-17TCP/IP – The Internet’s Secret Sauce •The Internet Protocol Suite consists of:–Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)–Internet Protocol (IP)•TCP works at both ends of Internet communications to ensure perfect copies of messages are sent •IP is a routing protocol in charge of forwarding packets on the Internet•Routers are computing devices that connect networks and exchange data between them1-18Figure 12.4 – TCP/IP in Action1-19Routers•Routers are special computing devices that forward packets from one location to the next•Routers are typically connected with more than one outbound path, so that in case one path becomes unavailable, an alternate path can be used1-20UDP: TCP’s Faster, Less Reliable Sibling