Chapter 1 Chemistry The Study of Matter A B C D Definitions Significant Figures Dimensional Analysis Classification of Matter HW P1 P1 will be covered on Q1 and T1 Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement A Definitions History and other B S 1 What is Chemistry a Synthesis of New Materials b Control Changes of Matter c Identity and Concentration of Substances Chemistry is the study of matter 2 Historical Perspectives a Crafts b Philosophy Nature of Matter c Scientific Method Observations Theory New Observations New Theory B Significant Figures Uncertainty in Measurement 1 Rules for Numbers a All nonzero digits are significant 457 0 25 b Zeros between nonzero digits are significant 1005 1 03 c Zeros to left of 1st nonzero digit are not significant 0 02 0 0026 d Zeros at the end of a number to the right of a decimal are significant 0 02000 3 0 e Zeros at the end of a number without a decimal 11 600 could have 3 4 or 5 better represented with exponential notation Appendix A1 in text 1 16 104 1 160 104 1 1600 104 Precise Numbers 5 Fingers 1 hand 5 000 Fingers 1 000 hand 1 kg 1000 g 1 000 kg 1000 g 2 Rules for Calculations a In addition or subtraction one reports the result to the same number of decimal places as the term with the fewest decimal places b In multiplication and division one reports the result with no more significant figures than the measurement with the fewest significant figures C Dimensional Analysis Unit Conversion number 1 number 6 1 6 Examples 1 I weigh 180 lb how many kilograms 2 A sign says 40 km h how many miles h D Classification of Matter Fig 11 1 Fig 1 9 Gas Liquid Solid