CMN 336 EXAM ONE STUDY GUIDELecture Material:Three types of definitions of family and who is included/excluded from each definitiono Structural – people that live in the household “legally blood related”o Psychosocial task – functions that family serveso Transactional process – how family’s interactStrengths and weaknesses of each type of definitiono Structural  Strengths Weaknesses o Psychosocial task Strengths Weaknesseso Transactional process Strengths Weaknesses Turner & West’s definition of familyo A family is a self defined group of intimates who create and maintain themselves through their own interactions with others, a family may include both voluntary and involuntary relationships, it creates both literal and symbolic internal and external boundaries, and it evolves through times: it has a history, a present, and a future Implications of how we define familyo Who has the right to marry legally?o Who has the right to adopt children?o Who has to pay child support?o Who gets custody of children?o Who has visitation rights for children?o Who gets benefits?o Who gets notified in an emergency? - Common myths about families and why they are myths o Diversity in families is new in America Diverse family forms were common throughout historyo Substance abuse is a bigger problem than ever Substance abuse has been higher than it is nowo Families don’t value motherhood like they used to Idealization of motherhood is a relatively new ideao Children are exposed to sex more than ever Children were often exposed to sex but in different waysBe able to list, define, and give examples of the six family forms, and be able to describe how common they are and the communication within each1. Nuclear family – married couple raising biological children - 21.6% of U.S households - Communication – may be facilitated by their culturally sanctioned form - Communication problem – make it difficult to communicate outside the traditional nuclear family 2. Gay and Lesbian families – committed same-sex partners raising at least one child - 901,997 same-sex couple households in the U.S- Communication – complex communicative demands. Parental communication similar to that in heterosexual families - Communication problems – may be targets of homophobia and have to deal with negative communication from family3. Extended Family – parents and children living together along with other relatives - 49 million Americans live in multigenerational households - Communication – may have the potential for conflict is issues such as growth and change are not addressed - Communication problems – older generations may be relied ontoo much for housework and childcare, boomerang kids can make setting rules hard4. Step Family – married couple raising at least one child who is not the biological offspring of both adults - 5.6 million American children live with at least one stepparent- Communication – conflict may arise around subsystems, rules, roles and time management - Communication problems – negotiating relationships can be difficult, patience and cooperative co-parenting are key5. Single-Parent family – one parent and at least one child - 29.5% of U.S households- 17.3 single mothers, 2.5 million single fathers- Communication – challenging communication demands. Can behelped in co-cultures that stress the group over the individual - Communication problems – single parent families can experience a lot of blame6. Couples – two adults living together without children - 7.5 million opposite sex couples in the U.S- 700,000 same sex couples in the U.S- Communication – i. Cohabitors – lack of communication role modelsii. Marrieds – much communication is rooted in daily routines and problem solving - Communication Problems – may engage in more damaging conflict, can be more free but also more challenging, stress from society Four government influences on familyo Family policy – everything that government do that affect families directly or indirectly o Covenant marriages – guided by the belief that couples should not be easily granted a divorce o Same-sex union/marriages o Child services Definition of theory, and the two main elements theories includeo Theory – an abstract statement that provides an understanding or explanation of something observes in the social worldo Two main elements  Descriptions of phenomena in the social world Relationships among phenomena Definitions and differences between neo-positivist, interpretive, and critical theorieso Neo-positivist – the kind of theory scientists will us  “Truth is objective. What I find in the social world is what exists” If you do A and B, C will happeno Interpretive – truth is a lowercase t, meaning subjective and based on your own experiences  May be different for every single person o Critical – does not have an idea of truth in the same sense as the first two Tries to understand power, brings values to the surface where they can be challenged and changed  Brings about inequalitiesFour purposes of theoryo Describe phenomena, see similarities/differenceso Explain why outcomes happenedo Predict concrete outcomes, how something will occuro Control outcomes, social change a type of control Definition of quantitative research, types of methods used, and examples of possible research questions/hypothesis o Analyzes numbers to make an argument about their meaning relevant to theoryo What are the effects of parental conflict on children’s test scores?o What is the connection between adolescents’ time on Facebook and family satisfaction?Definition of qualitative research, types of methods used, and examples of possible research questions/hypothesis o Focuses on how people make sense of their experiences o How do families cope with loss of a loved one?o How do couples negotiate a new sense of normal after one of them wins a battle against cancer?Differences between a research question and a hypothesis and give examples of eacho Hypothesis – expectation of events based on the assumes relationship between phenomena  More common in quantitative o Research question – query about relationship between phenomena  More common in qualitative Define and describe independent variables, dependent variables and give examples of eacho Independent variables – a variable that influences changes in another (dependent) variable o Dependent variables – a