CH 22 1) What is the Cardiorespitory system?a. The direct relationship between the cardiovascular system and the repertory system 2) Describe what is meant by ventilation.a. the movement od air into or out of them pulmonary system. 3) What is the adaptive purpose of nose hair?a. they serve as a first means of filtration 4) What type of tissue lines the sinus passages and what is it meant to assist with?a. pseudostratified epithelium that produces mucus to again aid in air filtration. 5) What two structures help to increase surface area and increase moisture in the air we breathe?a. Nasal conchae and Nasal meatus 6) Name the structure that connect the laryngopharynx to the base of the ear drum?a. Pharyngotympanic tube7) What is the oropharynx? a. area inside the mouth, salivary glands serve as a backup to moisten the air for a short term period. 8) What is the purpose of the palatine lingual tonsils?a. storage site for immune cells “Lymph vessels”9) Describe the location of the trachea and esophagus.a. Trachea= Anterior throat; Esophagus= Posterior thoat10) What are the layers of the trachea?a. Mucosa, Submucosa, hyaline cartilage, Adventitia11) Describe the layers of the tracheaa. Mucosa: Muscus and cilia (pseudostratified columnar cells)b. Submucosa: loose areolar CTc. Hyaline Cartilage: C shaped ring structured. Adventitia: covers cartilage, outmost layer12) what is a bronchiole?a. smooth muscle tube that leads to the lungs.13) What is a terminal Bronchiole?a. The Conductive zone; the last bronchiole before the repertory area (where gas exchange takes place)14) Describe the Respiratory zonea. zone where gas exchange actually takes place. Location around the alveoli and capillaries. 15) As we exhale our chest cavity/ lungs _________ in volume.Decreases in volume, causing an increased pressure inside the lungs which causes the air to flow out with a pressure gradient. 16) What is Emphysema?a. ability to inhale but difficulty to exhale; caused by damage or destruction of the smoothmuscle and elastin sheaths around the alveoli that help with exhalation 17) What cell type are the alveolar walls composed of and why is it beneficial?a. single layered simple squamous epithelium, allows for easy diffusion of gases18) What is a “type 2 cell” and what is its purpose?a. surfactant secreting cells; surfactant decreases the interaction of water molecules and lowers surface tension of water droplets; allows for expansion and relaxation.19) How do alveoli defend against infection?a. specialized macrophages 20) What specialized blood vessel is found amongst alveoli?a. Capillaries; allow for the gas exchange; C02 and 02 are lipid soluble and pass easily through alveoli to capillary wall. 21) Ventilation supports the activity of ________a. Respiration22) Name the membrane surrounding each lungThe Plural Membranes23) Name and describe the location of the two sub classifications of the plural membrane. a. visceral pleura: serous membrane adjacent to the lungsb. parietal pleura: adheres to the inside of the rib cage24) What is created by the visceral and parietal pleura? a. the pleural cavity, filled with fluid that further aids in lubrication and friction reduction.