Operant ConditioningReinforcement Cont.Processes at WorkSlide 4Features of SchedulesPracticeSlide 7Slide 8PunishmentPowerPoint PresentationBehavior ModificationObservational LearningOperant ConditioningReinforcement Cont.Processes at WorkShapingReinforcement for desired behaviorExamplesSkinner’s BoxProcesses at WorkReinforcement – strengthening of a responseSchedules of ReinforcementContinuousIntermittentFixed Ratio Variable RatioFixed Interval Variable IntervalFeatures of SchedulesVariable schedules Resistant to ______________Ratio schedules ________________because your actions control when you get the reinforcerFixed schedules _________________– increase behavior when known reinforcer is approachingPracticeNathan's boss will sometimes float around the office and ask his employees to show them the work they've been doing. Nathan rarely slacks off at work because he does not want to be caught off guard and not have anything new to show his boss. What type of reinforcement schedule is Nathan's boss using to increase work productivity?PracticeNancy has a headache; she takes some aspirin and the headache goes away. Nancy is more likely to take aspirin again because of _________________.PracticeWhat is Aziz Ansari trying to say about texting?-What type of reinforcement is present?-What reinforcement schedule is being used?PunishmentProper punishmentApply swiftly after undesired behaviorNot too severeConsistencyExplanationNonphysical (withdraw privileges)Pros Cons Weakens undesirable behavior1) Physical punishment:-aggression, hostility, anger2) Not providing alternative behaviorType of consequencePresentation of ConsequenceDoes outcome behavior increase or decrease?Positive ReinforcementReinforcement:Was positive stimulus provided?IncreaseNegative ReinforcementReinforcement:Was aversive stimulus removed?Punishment Punishment:An aversive stimulus was provided DecreaseBehavior ModificationGoal:AssessmentBaseline measureRecord target behavior and determine what currently reinforces the behaviorDesign the programConsequencesExecute and evaluate the programObservational LearningLearning occurs by observing others’ actionsModelsIndirect conditioningBandura’s Bobo