Sleep and DreamsConsciousnessSleep CycleStages of Sleep: Stage 1Stages of Sleep: Stage 2Stages of Sleep: Stage 3 & 4Stages of Sleep: REM SleepSleep Cycle cont.Sleep DeprivationSleep DisordersTreatment for InsomniaSleep HygieneDreamsPowerPoint PresentationSlide 15Slide 16Sleep and DreamsSleep and DreamsConsciousnessConsciousnessAwareness of internal and external stimuliAwareness of internal and external stimuliLevels of Awareness•Conscious •Controlled•Active Attention •Automatic •Not Active Attention/Not Fully Aware/Auto Piolet•Lowered Awareness•Sleeping•Unconscious •No Interaction with the environment around youBrain Wave Activity •Beta•Most active brain wave state (Controlled)•Alpha•Relaxed •Theta •Transition to sleep•Delta•Longest/Slowest Brain Waves•Occur in SleepSleep Sleep CycleCycleStage 1:Transition to Light SleepStage 2:Sleep SpindlesStage 3-4:Deep SleepREM sleepStages of Sleep: Stage Stages of Sleep: Stage 11Stage 1: Transition to SleepStage 1: Transition to SleepAlpha Waves to Theta WavesAlpha Waves to Theta WavesPhysiological ChangesPhysiological ChangesHeart Rate DecreasesHeart Rate DecreasesBody Temperature Drops Body Temperature Drops Hypnic JerkHypnic JerkStages of Sleep: Stage Stages of Sleep: Stage 22Stage 2: Sleep SpindlesStage 2: Sleep SpindlesMixture of Brainwave Activity Mixture of Brainwave Activity Stages 3-4:Stages 3-4:REM Sleep:REM Sleep:Stages of Sleep: Stage Stages of Sleep: Stage 3 & 43 & 4Stages 3-4: Deep/Slow Wave Stages 3-4: Deep/Slow Wave Sleep (SWS)Sleep (SWS)Delta WavesDelta WavesExtremely Difficult to AwakenExtremely Difficult to AwakenStages of Sleep: REM Stages of Sleep: REM SleepSleepREM Sleep: Rapid Eye MovementREM Sleep: Rapid Eye MovementRapid Eye MovementRapid Eye MovementBeta Brain Waves Beta Brain Waves DreamingDreamingLimited Body MovementLimited Body MovementDifficult to Awaken (Deep Sleep)Difficult to Awaken (Deep Sleep)Sleep Cycle cont.Sleep Cycle cont.NON-REM NON-REM vs.vs.Limited DreamingLimited DreamingVaried Brain wave Varied Brain wave activityactivityAdults are in Non-REM Adults are in Non-REM longer than longer than infants/childreninfants/childrenSpend more time in Spend more time in Non-REM at the Non-REM at the beginning of sleep beginning of sleep cycle cycle REMREMVivid DreamingVivid DreamingBeta Wave ActivityBeta Wave ActivityREM Periods get REM Periods get longer as sleep cycle longer as sleep cycle progressesprogressesSleep DeprivationSleep DeprivationNEED SLEEP!!NEED SLEEP!!REM AND SWS facilitating learning and REM AND SWS facilitating learning and memory consolidation/neurogenesismemory consolidation/neurogenesisRebound effectRebound effectAfter sleep deprivation people skip sleep After sleep deprivation people skip sleep stage 1 and 2 and quickly move into REM stage 1 and 2 and quickly move into REM sleep for longersleep for longerResults of sleep deprivationResults of sleep deprivationWeight gain; physical illness; lack of Weight gain; physical illness; lack of concentration; mood fluctuations; accidentsconcentration; mood fluctuations; accidentsSleep DisordersSleep DisordersTreatment for Treatment for InsomniaInsomniaBehavioral interventionsBehavioral interventions–Sleep Sleep hygienehygiene–Sleep diarySleep diary–RelaxationRelaxationMedicationsMedications–Short-termShort-term–Side effectsSide effects–DependenceDependenceSleep Sleep HygieneHygieneImproving sleep habitsImproving sleep habits–Regular bed timeRegular bed time–Don’t go to bed unless ready to sleepDon’t go to bed unless ready to sleep–No carbs after mid-dayNo carbs after mid-day–No caffeine after mid-afternoonNo caffeine after mid-afternoon–Limit exercise to early eveningLimit exercise to early evening–Don’t spend time in bed for anything Don’t spend time in bed for anything but sleepbut sleepDreamsDreamsDream World and Real WorldDream World and Real World–Beta brain wavesBeta brain waves–Lucid Dreaming – dual consciousness Lucid Dreaming – dual consciousness –Real-life dreams Real-life dreams (suppress aversive events, incorporate (suppress aversive events, incorporate physical stimuli, dream mimic real-world physical stimuli, dream mimic real-world experiences/stressors)experiences/stressors)Dream TheoriesDream Theories–Wish fulfillment (Freud)Wish fulfillment (Freud)Manifest (actual dream) vs. Latent Content (what the dream Manifest (actual dream) vs. Latent Content (what the dream means)means)–Problem-solving Problem-solving –Activation-synthesisActivation-synthesisDream On…HYPNOSIS-Heightened SuggestibilityRepetitive relaxation techniques -Hypnotic Phenomena-Susceptibility to hypnosis-Evidence for and againstDissociation (For)Role-Playing (Against)Altering Consciousness: Meditation-Heightened awareness-Focused attention vs. Open Monitoring-Brain wave activity-Physiological arousal -Improved concentration/attention-Pain