2 1 2016 HISTORY SYSTEMS OF PSYCHOLOGY PS Y 401 TOPI C 5 PAR T 1 THE BI RTH OF M ODERN PSYCHOLOGY EMPIRICISM ASSOCIATIONISM UTILITARIANISM EMPIRICISM 2 THE WHAT WHO WHY OF EMPIRICISM What is Empiricism Who is Empiricism Bacon Locke Hume Empiricism Applied 3 1 2 1 2016 4 WHAT Epistemology again Experience Knowledge We bring together information through our sensory systems and this is how we accumulate knowledge 5 WHO Aristotle The British Empiricists Bacon Locke Hume 6 2 2 1 2016 Francis Bacon Great Herald of the Empirical spirit 7 BACON 1561 1626 Methodological unity Science is the key But he was not a scientist oops Life Cambridge Paris London Lawyer Convicted of bribery while working in parliament Died from stuffing a chicken with snow 8 BACON Our quest for knowledge can be successful skepticism flawed He had no real methods but The art of discovery may advance as discoveries advance We should be like Argued against rationalism said we should be inductive and gather data 9 3 2 1 2016 BACON Idols Common senses that divert us from our quest of Knowledge Idols of the tribe Idols of the Cave Idols of the Marketplace Idols of the Theatre Society should support studies in Sleep and dreaming Development from infancy to old age Senses Emotions Cognitive abilities Thinking Memory 10 John Locke the most widely influential philosopher of English Speech 11 LOCKE 1632 1704 Life Oxford Natural Sciences and Medicine Law and Parliament Tabula Rasa White paper No innate ideas of morality and God 12 4 2 1 2016 LOCKE PSYCHOLOGY Primary and Secondary Qualities Education is important over nature Children Plenty of sleep fresh air exercise Hardening Influential in psychology of personality 13 David Hume Real empiricism 14 HUME 1711 1776 Very close to psychology Life Scottish University of Edinburgh Age 15 after leaving had a nervous breakdown France to recover A Treatise of Human Nature poor seller Unorthodox religious views All his books were on forbidden book list 15 5 2 1 2016 HUME Experience Primary subject matter of philosophy Causality is a psychological problem a secondary quality Mental life cannot be reasoned about Its all about Impressions Ideas What is the nature of self Focus on Emotions 16 EDUCATION The principle goal of education in the schools should be creating men and women who are capable of doing new things not simply repeating what other generations have done Jean Piaget 1896 1980 The object of education is to teach us to love beauty Plato 424 348 BC The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically intelligence plus character that is the goal of true education Martin Luther King Jr 1929 1968 Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school Albert Einstein 1879 1955 EMPIRICISM EDUCATION Current calls for Education reform Too many standardized testing How should grades be used should grades be used 40 of US earns college degree What is Education 6 2 1 2016 EMPIRICISM ASSOCIATIONISM UTILITARIANISM UT I L I T AR I AN I S M 19 20 JEREMY BENTHAM 1748 1832 Doubted innate knowledge Life Oxford Law Donated his body to science Principle of Utilitarianism Psychological hedonism Freud Actions should be judged in terms of their social consequences for pleasure or pain Cruel and unnecessary punishment should be avoided 21 7 2 1 2016 UTILITARIANISM APPLIED Is our current legal system stressful For jurors For crime victims children elderly mentally ill For lawyers police officers https www psychologytoday com blog the jurys trials 201212 stress in the legal system 22 UTILITARIANISM APPLIED Therapeutic jurisprudence legal system s role as a therapeutic agent legal actors can still strive to maximize the positive physical psychological and social outcomes for all parties involved while minimizing the negative outcomes Role of specialty courts Mary Wollstonecraft If mind is White Paper education is paramount 24 8 2 1 2016 MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT 1759 1797 Argued against Essentialism Life Father gambled and drunk his inheritance Informal education women not educated formally Teacher Second daughter Married Shelley Mary Shelley Wrote Frankenstein Train women in fields like medicine law etc 25 John Stuart Mill Experimental science of the study of mind was in reach 26 JOHN STUART MILL Modernized Empiricism Life Coined term Utilitarian 19th century liberalism Arrested for distributing pamphlets on birth control Suffered severe depression Used poetry and art to bring himself back and love Did not want to rush psychology into a science by Biologizing it We can have a basic and applied psychology 27 9 2 1 2016 HISTORY SYSTEMS OF PSYCHOLOGY PS Y 401 TOPI C 6 PAR T 2 THE BI RTH OF M ODERN PSYCHOLOGY MIDTERM STUDY TIPS Skim the book before coming to class Use the lecture slides that I post to see what I will hold you accountable on the exam go back and read the information related to the lectures in your book Read the thought provoking readings and be able to understand the main point or theme of the reading If I don t mention a person place event in class even if it is in the book it will NOT be on the exam Use the practice quizzes that I created to help you prepare for the exam questions Review the lecture slides prior to the exam RATIONALISM T H E WH AT AN D WH O 30 10 2 1 2016 THE WHAT WHO WHY OF RATIONALISM What is Rationalism Who is Rationalism Descartes Spinoza Leibniz Kant Rationalism Applied Group Discussion 2 min Papers 31 WHAT Reason Think Reckon A priori Knowledge Independent of experience Innate Mind is active in selecting organizing and discriminating Deductive arguments 32 Rene Descartes I think therefore I am Cogito ergo sum 33 11 2 1 2016 DESCARTES 1596 1650 Dualist Rationalist Founder of modern philosophy Mathematician Emphasis on deduction and mathematical proof 34 DESCARTES METHOD He pushed the limits of his ability to doubt Never accept anything as true unless it is clear distinct and immune from doubt Divide all difficulties into as many parts as possible Start with the easiest and simplest elements and then proceed to the complex Keep complete notes and comprehensive reviews so nothing is omitted Do you have a method 35 Baruch Spinoza God is one that is only one substance can be granted in the universe Whatsoever is is in God and without God nothing can be or be conceived 36 12 2 1 2016 SPINOZA 1632 1677 Radical Life Jewish Moved to Holland to escape Spanish persecution of Jews Heidelberg Ethics 37 SPINOZA ON DESCARTES