Theory of mindExample video: children and the pigImportant in developing social relationshipsPreoperational: happens mainly in age 3-5Concrete Operational: ages 6-7Example video: liquid in the cups and bowlFormal Operational Stage: Around age 12Abstract thinking (algebra)Piaget’s TheoryToday researchers believe the following differences:Development is a continuous processChildren express their mental abilities and operations at an earlier stageFormal logic is a smaller part of cognitionSocial DevelopmentStranger anxiety develops at around 8 months oldReason for this age is because it is the time that babies can now move. When the children start moving around on their own, it is evolutionary safe to run back to their parent.Origins of attachmentInfants bond with surrogate mothers because of bodily contact and not because of nourishmentExample video: Monkey running to touch mother after getting scaredFamiliarity is another factor that causes attachment. In some animals, imprinting is the cause of attachmentAttachment differencesSecure: okay roaming when mother is there and then get anxious and upset when mother leaves and calms back down when mother is backInsecure: clingy to mother, extremely upset when mother leaves, unable to calm down when mother comes backAdolescenceLife between childhood and adulthoodBegins with pubertyPrimary sexual characteristics: required for child productionSecondary sexual characteristics: make it easier but not necessary for child development (breasts in woman, low voices in men, etc.)Developing reasoning powerAdolescents can handle formal problemsDeveloping moralityKohlberg found different stages of moral development by asking certain questionsPreconventionBefore 9 children show morality to avoid punishment and gain rewardConventionalBy early adolescence, social rules and laws are upheld for their own sakePost conventionalAffirms peoples agreed-upon rights or follows personally perceived ethical principlesAs thinking matures, so does our ability to become empathetic and sympathetic towards others emotionsSocial developmentErikson focused on issues that occurred at each stage and argued that one must positively overcome each stage in order to continueForming an identitySense of self as you can now conform to those you chose to surround yourself withEmerging adulthoodAges 18-25Cultures that value individualism tend to have higher teen rebellion and “terrible twos”AdulthoodDefining into stages is much more difficult than defining the stages if childhood or adolescenceMiddle adulthoodMuscular strength, reaction time, sensory abilities and cardiac output begin to decline after the mid-twentiesAround 50 woman go through menopause and their hormones change and fertility endsOld age:motor abilities declinecognitive abilities declinerecognition memory does not decline with ageChapter 11 Notes Sejal Asher-Theory of mind-Example video: children and the pig-Important in developing social relationships-Preoperational: happens mainly in age 3-5-Concrete Operational: ages 6-7oExample video: liquid in the cups and bowl-Formal Operational Stage: Around age 12oAbstract thinking (algebra)-Piaget’s Theory-Today researchers believe the following differences:oDevelopment is a continuous processoChildren express their mental abilities and operations at an earlier stageoFormal logic is a smaller part of cognition -Social Development-Stranger anxiety develops at around 8 months oldoReason for this age is because it is the time that babies can now move. When the children start moving around on their own, it is evolutionary safe to run back to their parent.-Origins of attachment -Infants bond with surrogate mothers because of bodily contact and not because of nourishment -Example video: Monkey running to touch mother after getting scared-Familiarity is another factor that causes attachment. In some animals, imprinting is the cause of attachment -Attachment differences- Secure: okay roaming when mother is there and then get anxious and upset when mother leaves and calms back down when mother is back-Insecure: clingy to mother, extremely upset when mother leaves, unable to calm down when mother comes back-Adolescence-Life between childhood and adulthood-Begins with pubertyoPrimary sexual characteristics: required for child productionoSecondary sexual characteristics: make it easier but not necessary for child development (breasts in woman, low voices in men, etc.) -Developing reasoning poweroAdolescents can handle formal problems -Developing morality-Kohlberg found different stages of moral development by asking certain questionsoPreconventionBefore 9 children show morality to avoid punishment and gain rewardoConventionalBy early adolescence, social rules and laws are upheld for their own sakeoPost conventional Affirms peoples agreed-upon rights or follows personallyperceived ethical principles -As thinking matures, so does our ability to become empathetic and sympathetic towards others emotions-Social development-Erikson focused on issues that occurred at each stage and argued that one must positively overcome each stage in order to continue-Forming an identity -Sense of self as you can now conform to those you chose to surround yourself with -Emerging adulthood-Ages 18-25-Cultures that value individualism tend to have higher teen rebellion and “terrible twos” -Adulthood-Defining into stages is much more difficult than defining the stages if childhood or adolescence -Middle adulthoodoMuscular strength, reaction time, sensory abilities and cardiacoutput begin to decline after the mid-twenties oAround 50 woman go through menopause and their hormoneschange and fertility ends-Old age: omotor abilities declineocognitive abilities declineo recognition memory does not decline with age-10/22/2014 10/22/2014