POLI 201Final Exam Study GuideAmendments 14-27Amendment 14:- No person can be a senator, representative in Congress, or be able to vote for President or Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, if you took an oath of allegiance to the United States Constitution and then fought for the confederacy.- Confederates lost their citizenship- Congress may by a 2/3 vote of each House, remove such disability (reinforce citizenship)- If the United States went into debt paying cost and pensions of the civil war will be valid and paid no matter what- If the Confederates went into debt paying cost and pensions of the civil war will not be valid and not be the United States responsibility- The United States will not pay former slave owners for loss of the value of their slaves- Congress has the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this articleAmendment 15:- Gave black men of African American descent the right to vote- Destroys servitude of slavery- Congress has to enforce this article by appropriate legislationAmendment 16:- 1913- Creates a federal individual income tax- It went from a population tax to individual taxAmendment 17:- 1913- Change how United States Senators were chosen- Went from an indirect democracy to a direct democracy- Senate of the United States is composed of 2 senators from each state, elected by the people thereof, six years- Each senator has one vote- If you are eligible to vote for the House of Representatives, you are eligible to vote for United States Senator- When there is a vacancy in the representation of any state, the governor holds a special election, but until the people decide on that person, the governor appoints a temporary person- The governor can appoint himself- If you are already a senator when this law is passed, you serve the rest of your term, then run for reelection by the peopleAmendment 18:- Ban on the manufacturing, using or distributing of alcohol- If not approved within 7 years of being sent to the states, amendment dies- One year grace period, gave alcohol businesses a year to change their type of business- Enforced by Congress and the state legislation- Organized crime increased - Caused a corruption of legal systemAmendment 19:- Gave women the right to vote in all elections in every state, took power away from the states- Women had the right to vote before the 19th amendment because Congress never gave or denied them the right, so the states had the power to determine if women could vote- Gender neutral languageAmendment 20:- The terms of the president and vice president will end at noon on January 20th and the terms of their successors shall then begin- The terms of Senators and House of Representatives will end at noon on January 3rd and the terms of their successors shall then begin- Congress must meet once a year and that day will be noon on January 3rd, unless they appoint another day- If the elected president-to-be dies then the elected vice president-to-be shall become president- If the president has not been decided or a president elect fails to qualify, the vice president elect shall act as president until a president is chosen or qualified- If neither a president elect or vice president elect is not chosen, the Congress will decidewho is president until a president or vice president is chosen or qualified- If any of the candidates whose names have gone to the Congress for the position of the president or vice president die, then the respective House may choose a new candidate- The article will die if ¾ of the states have not ratified it in seven yearsAmendment 21:- The 18th amendment is repealed- All intoxicating liquors are now able to be imported, the power is given back to the states- The article will die if ¾ of the states have not ratified it in seven yearsAmendment 22:- No person shall be elected to the office of the president more than twice- If you were vice president and became president, if you serve more than half of his term you can be elected one more time, if you serve less than half his term, you can be elected two more times- This article has to be ratified by ¾ of the states within seven yearsAmendment 23:- The District of Columbia is not now or has ever been a state- Weren’t able to vote for a president until 1961, if you lived there- Gave the District of Columbia members of the electoral college, based on population likestatesAmendment 24:- Abolishment of poll taxes- Did away with poll taxes for federal offices, not state offices, president, vice president, senator/ representative in Congress- State offices eventually stopped poll taxes too- Cannot be forced to pay for the right to vote in national electionsAmendment 25:- If president dies or is removed from office or resignation, the Vice presidentbecomes president- If there is a vacancy in Vice President, the president shall nominate a vice president who must be approved by a simple majority of both Houses of Congress- Whenever the president transmits to the president pro tempore of the senate and the speaker of the House of Representatives, his written declaration that he is unable to take on his presidential duties and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers andduties shall be discharged by the vice president as Acting President, if president knows beforehand that he will be out- If the vice president and majority of his cabinet agree the president cannot do his job, they send a letter to the president pro tempore of the senate and speaker of the House of Representatives written declaration that the president cannot do his job, the vice president shall immediately assume the office of Acting President- The president can defend himself, he must write letters to the pro tempore of the senate and the speaker of the House of Representatives saying he is fine. The president does not immediately get his job. Vice president can respond with another set of letters to the same people, then that’s when Congress takes over- Congress must get together within 48 hours of getting the Vice president’s second set of letters- Congress immediately starts to debate the matter- Congress has 21 days to decide and then vote to either keep the president or throw him out- Need 2/3 vote of both Chambers to throw president out, if the president gets less than 2/3 votes to get thrown out, he will resume his duties and powers as