POLI 201 1st Edition Exam #1 Study GuideGovernments- consist of the formal institutions and procedures from which a nation and its people are oneComplex governments are referred to as “states”What are the types of government?- Anarchy- absence of government- Democracy- many are in charge in this government1) Direct Democracy- the people make each and every decision2) Indirect Democracy- a representative makes the decision for the people- Aristocracy/ Oligarchy- a few people are in charge in this government- Monarchy/ Dictatorship- one person is in charge in this government- Poloby- a combination of governments- Totalitarian- a government that recognizes no limits on its power (Never has complete control)- Authoritarianism- a government that uses bribery and blackmail to control with absolute powerPolitics- the resolution of conflictWe are not biologically “American” but our belief makes us “American”What are all the principles that Americans share?- Liberty- the principle that individuals can think and act as they choose, provided they do not unreasonably infringe on the rights of others- Popular consent- the principle that the people are the ultimate source of governing authority- Equality- the notion that all individuals are equal in their moral worth in their treatment under the love, and in their political voice- Unity- the principle that the Americans are one people and form an indivisible union- Diversity- the principle that individual and group differences should be respected,for they are a source of nation strength- Individualism- a commitment to personal initiation, self-sufficiency, and personal integrityWho were the founders of our society?- The Elite, the richThe Elite did not want a DemocracyDemocracy- a combination of indirect and direct democracyThe United States was a colony of what country?- Great BritainWhat was the name of the first colony of Great Britain in the United States?- Jamestown (Virigina)- Established in 1607The British told the United States colonists that they were “Englishmen with the rights ofEnglishmen”1) England began to treat colonists different2) England abused colonistsWhat is the Boston Tea Party Massacre?- Happened in December of 1773, the British put a heavy tax on the tea that was coming into America. This was not the same tax they taxed in England. Local men dressed up as Indians and tossed tea from shipments into the sea. 1) British became furious with the Boston Tea MassacreWhat act did Great Britain pass in response to the Boston Tea Massacre?- The Coercive Acts (Intolerable Act)1) Closed port of Bostona. Closed port until colonist paid off tea.b. This hurt Boston economically because they depended on that port to make money2) New “Quarantine” Acta. Put new soldiers in Bostonb. People had to house them and feed them3) Changed elected offices to appointed offices by the kingThe 1st Continental Congress met in response to the Coercive Acts- Sam Adams and Massachusetts Congress Legist- 13 colonies met in PhiladelphiaThe 1st Continental Congress meeting occurs in September 1774 and last for about 6 or 7 weeks- The colonists could not believe the king had enforced these laws, they thought parliament enforced these laws- They decided to send the king a petition- The colonists said that if the king revoked, the colonists wouldn’t meet again- The king did not revoke the lawsThe 2nd Continental Congress met in May of 1775- The colonists still wanted to make up with England, they were desperate to avoid war- The fighting had begun long before July 4thBunker Hill Battle (Boston) “Don’t shoot until you see the whites of their eyes.”Richard Henry Lee stood up at the 2nd Continental Congress and said “Enough is enough, we have the right to defend themselves”Who were the 5 men John Hancock named to write the Declaration of Independence?- John Adams- Benjamin Franklin- Roger Surman- Robert Livingston- Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson wrote the first draft of the Declaration of Independence and the other men corrected some things in it.The 5 men were given the project of writing the Declaration of Independence in June1776Richard Henry Lee’s “We have a right to be free” was inserted into the Declaration ofIndependenceIt took a couple of months for everyone to sign the Declaration of IndependenceThomas Jefferson felt that the government should not pay for religionThomas Jefferson did not think that the Declaration of Independence was his best accomplishmentWhat did Thomas Jefferson say about the Declaration of Independence to Richard Henry Lee?- Jefferson said “ It was intended to be an expression of the human mind”When the men signed the Declaration of Independence they knew that if they lost the American Revolution, they would be hung to their deathThe Declaration of Independence had two primary goals: - To inform the world why they were doing what they were doing1) It was rare for a colony to rebel2) Abandoned the term “ Englishmen with the rights of Englishmen”3) Inalienable rights- came from our God, they had the right to make their own decisions4) God bypasses the king- The purpose of government1) Said no one could take their rights away2) If their rights were taken from them they had the right to rebel/object3) Although you had the right to rebel, you should think before you revoltThe second part of the Declaration of Independence id a legal letter explaining how the British have abused us- They taxes them more than the British back home- The king forced the colonists to house soldiers- The colonists tried to avoid war- Thomas Jefferson trashed the King, Parliament and the people- Thomas Jefferson said how even the British people have not tried to help them“We have a right to be free” was put at the end of the Declaration of IndependenceThe Articles of Confederation was create in 1776 The Continental Congress now serves as the governmentSince nothing written down one day we said this and the next day we should something else, both would be rightWho wrote the Articles of Confederation? - The 2nd Continental CongressThe 13 states were jealous of each otherThe Articles of Confederation was a weak decentralized government- Had the power to make war, deal with Indians, to crate money/ taxes and diplomacy- Did not have the power to coerceThe states tried to take back some power from the national governmentSome states refused to sign off on the Articles of ConfederationWhat year was the