Bus 1050 1st Edition Lecture 26Outline of Last Lecture I. Polo, from The Travels of Marco PoloII.Hamilton, Manufactures from The Works of Alexander HamiltonIII. Wharton, from The House of MirthOutline of Current Lecture II. De Tocqueville, That Aristocracy May Be Engendered by Manufactures from Democracy in AmericaIII. Ford, from My Life and WorkIV. Gandhi, Man and Machine from All Men Are BrothersV. Film Clip: Modern TimesCurrent LectureDe Tocqueville Class system Tocqueville envisioned a system where the machines would do what the people would and in essence the people become irrelevant.The “new” aristocracyThe bond that kept the aristocrats together because they were given this status by God. This was a bond that they could not ignore. But the new group was defined by their success and the riches that come with it. Pg. 480, line 66 – Not only are the rich compounded against themselves, but they do not communicate with the poor. They only have contact in the workplace. There is no real sense of commitment from either side! But in medieval Europe there was a commitment. Geography The “bond”These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Let’s say one’s employer lays you off as a riff, but you should take unemployment insurance! Theemployer paid premiums to set up unemployment insurance to protect the workers if they’re ever laid off. Nowadays, we provide this temporary safety net because we recognize the harshness of this new system. Pg. 481 line 5 This system is harsh because there is a lack of concern from the employer to the employee. If you were a peasant in the 13th century and lost your position, there were no options for new positions. But nowadays, for the majority of people we do have opportunities that perhaps didn’t exist hundreds of years ago. Henry Ford: From my life and work 1896 was the first automobile he made. It was a carriage with an engine under it and a steering wheel. It had no shelter from the elements. It also had bicycle tires. He called it a quadricycle. Efficiency If you fail to take advantage of some opportunity to reduce the cost of production it’s the same as imposing taxes on yourself. His mentality towards people is that people cannot make it on their own. He argues that we don’t want to put skilled workers in positions where they don’t requiretheir skills. In other words, people how are unskilled to the manual labor. Many of them are foreigners and they need money. For money, they tolerate horrible conditions because they need their physiological needs taken care of. Pg. 501 If one wants to make a car it’s like making a house. First one must have a workspace, tools, parts, etc. But one spends the most of their time walking about for materials in tools and they don’t get paid very much because Ford can’t pay them for walking around. The fundamental objective is to have robots. He really wants robots! But the technology had not yet come to be. So instead he wanted to turn his workers into robots and people were in line to work with him because they needed money. Pg. 501: He talks about the moving assembly line. He wanted to break it down into 29 different steps. He times the process 13:20. Then they cut it to 7, and then to 5 and by the aid of scientific study one is able to achieve the objective more efficiently.It’s important to have the exact speed and right height. Ford also disliked the idea of best shop practices, which is the idea that somewhere along the line someone said this was the best way to do something, but just because it does it doesn’t mean it’s the best way to do it. How do we know there isn’t a better way if we are not willing to try it? The factory keeps no record of experiments and these are important. His view on experts: he states that maybe fools will end up finding the best way to do something. None of his men are experts. A man who knows his job is always pressing forward and never gives an instance of thought about how efficient he is. A whole class of professionals who sell their services to companies and these are known as consultants. Film clip: Modern TimesWhen the line is moving they must always be working, it’s a pavlavian response. Gandhi (Man and Machine) It focuses on mass production and addresses a number of the themes addressed in the book. We’ve been talking about the ethics of business. When he talks about business structure, he points out that the centralization is a violent system.He was supportive of non-violent, non-cooperation. He got this idea from Henry David Thoreau. He writes that mass production is responsible to the world crisis, which was WWII. He criticized it as being responsible in this German war machine, because it made it possible for them to create weapons that destroyed people. Mass producers produce what they want the public to buy. They produce what’s in their best interest for them to sell. There were millions of Indians who were starving and had nothing to do. (they grew cotton in India). He objects to the craze of machinery. His concern is that this machinery leads to unequal distribution of wealth. The spinning wheel became the symbol of honesty.What is businesses role in the world, to provide us with needs and wants and we all understand businesses must have profits in order to