BUS 105 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 10Lecture 1 (January 13)Francis Bacon, “Of Studies” from The Essays 1) What are three reasons why we read? For pastime (private-ness and retiring), ornament (discourse) and judgment (abilities in judgment).2) What is the purpose of study? To become learned! Expert men can execute, but learned men are more fit to judge and censure. Lecture 2 (January 15) Thoreau, Reading from Walden1) How does Thoreau regard the written word compared to other art forms? The written word isthe choicest of relics. We admire orator’s eloquence, but find the noblest written word more valuable. It is the work nearest to life itself and reading classics is close to godliness. The orator speaks to those who can hear him, while the writer speaks to the intellect and heart of mankind. 2) What’s Thoreau’s attitude towards what material is worth reading? The classics are the best read in their original tongue. One must read to become a better person, and not simply for entertainment purposes.3) What does Thoreau suggest about learning as we leave school and become working adults? We should continue to learn simply for the sake of learning. Something must push us. We must not become illiterate. Those who are illiterate are those who can’t read and those who merely read for entertainment purposes and those who stop learning once school has come to an end. We must be more rounded. In order to be a decision maker, one must be more knowledgeable.Dubois, from The Souls of Black Folk1) What is the function of the University? “To be the organ of the fine adjustment between real life and the growing knowledge of life which forms a secret civilization.” It must teach knowledge and culture. The children of the University are the foundation. Universities must produce individuals who work for the glory of their handiwork, not just for the pay.2) Why was Dubois concerned about rebuilding the post-civil war south? The U.S. benefited from rebuilding the south and there was a need for a solid foundation before infrastructure. Lecture 3 (January 20)Columbus, from The Journal of Christopher Columbus1) Why does Columbus undertake his journey? Why are the monarchs of Spain willing to financeit? Columbus potentially takes his journey for multiple reasons. For example, to find ne trade routes, to discover new places (exploration), for fame, to convert people to Christianity, for power (control over the sea and land), or for profit. It was a business venture for him. In other words, his motivation was to go on another expedition. In the Journal he asks for some of the profit from this expedition to be used to fund an expedition to Jerusalem. 2) Looking at the Journey as a business venture, what roles does each of the characters play? King/Queen of Spain = investors Columbus = Chief Executive Officer Spanish Soldiers = Employees Natives = Customers 3) How does Columbus “manage” his employees, his customers, and his investors? Columbus manages his employees by allowing them to trade with the natives as long as they “don’t take advantage of them”. He treats his customers well by not completely taking advantage of them and showing off his power. He does this by firing shots from his ship, building a fort, and a settlement after the ship goes down. When it comes down to his investors, he makes his journalseem as good as possible because he’s attempting to please them. An example of this is when the shipwreck occurs and Columbus says it’s a good thing and that it was an act of God. He wants this because he wants to be sent out on another expedition.4) Why does Columbus portray the journey as a quest for profits? He does this because he wants gold for his investors, the King and Queen of Spain, and he wants to be sent out again, so the money is essential.Film clip: Wall StreetIn the film clip, the message is that greed is good. Greed is viewed as evil in western philosophy because the bible says so. Even Adam Smith argued that self-interest leads to the best outcome of the community.In this speech, the main character is trying to get control of the company. He tells the Stockholders that the vice presidents are hurting the company and that they are simply getting rich off their stocks. He asks, why do you have stocks in the company? To make money! He then claims that if he gets control over the company he’ll make everyone more money, including himself. If he manages to buy all of the shares and sells them off it will eventually destroy the company, but as an investor, that won’t matter as long as one makes more money. Eisenhower, Address in Detroit (National Automobile Show Industry) Eisenhower argues that one of the things that America had achieved that no other nation had achieved was making it our primary motive to attempt to eliminate poverty. He claims that we were not motivated by materialism. He posits that poverty had decreased because of changing economic policies. One country makes things other countries want and this results in a transfer of wealth. The economic system of capitalism brought the U.S. into prosperity. This was a capitalism with morals, one that didn’t desire to become wealthy but one that desired to improve human dignity and social justice. Eisenhower was addressing his speech to the leaders of the automobile industry and the labor force because both must do well for national welfare. They can’t remove poverty if we they ignore the national welfare. It’s imperative to work together.Lecture 4 (January 22) Goethe, from Faust1) Faust has already agreed that the Devil can have his soul when he dies if the Devil helps him to gain what he desires. What does Faust desire? Faust desires satisfaction. He wants the sea to be pushed back in order for him to build his paradise and eventually he wants the sand dune where the lighthouse is located coupled with draining the swamp. 2) What does Faust appear to be doing in the first scene? Why does Mephistopheles interrupt him? The first scene takes place on the Mountains and during this scene he is reminiscing about young love. This makes him realize how unsatisfied, but the devil needs him to be satisfied in order to have his soul. Mephistopheles gets him to stop thinking about his un-satisfaction and talks about the geography of the Mountain and how it used to be the floor of hell.3) What is Faust’s business? What is his vision? How does Mephistopheles help him to achieve it?