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UT Dallas CS 6360 - Ch07

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PowerPoint PresentationChapter 7 OutlineChapter 7 Outline (cont’d.)Data Modeling Using the Entity-Relationship (ER) ModelUsing High-Level Conceptual Data Models for Database DesignUsing High-Level Conceptual Data Models (cont’d.)Slide 7A Sample Database ApplicationSlide 9Entity Types, Entity Sets, Attributes, and KeysEntities and AttributesEntities and Attributes (cont’d.)Entity Types, Entity Sets, Keys, and Value SetsEntity Types, Entity Sets, Keys, and Value Sets (cont’d.)Initial Conceptual Design of the COMPANY DatabaseRelationship Types, Relationship Sets, Roles, and Structural ConstraintsRelationship Types, Sets, and InstancesRelationship DegreeSlide 19Role Names and Recursive RelationshipsSlide 21Constraints on Binary Relationship TypesAttributes of Relationship TypesWeak Entity TypesRefining the ER Design for the COMPANY DatabaseER Diagrams, Naming Conventions, and Design IssuesProper Naming of Schema ConstructsDesign Choices for ER Conceptual DesignAlternative Notations for ER DiagramsSlide 30Example of Other Notation: UML Class DiagramsSlide 32Example of Other Notation: UML Class Diagrams (cont’d.)Slide 34Slide 35Relationship Types of Degree Higher than TwoChoosing between Binary and Ternary (or Higher-Degree) RelationshipsSlide 38Constraints on Ternary (or Higher-Degree) RelationshipsSummaryCopyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyChapter 7Data Modeling Using the Entity-Relationship (ER) ModelCopyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheChapter 7 OutlineUsing High-Level Conceptual Data Models for Database DesignA Sample Database ApplicationEntity Types, Entity Sets, Attributes, and KeysRelationship Types, Relationship Sets, Roles, and Structural ConstraintsWeak Entity TypesCopyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheChapter 7 Outline (cont’d.)Refining the ER Design for the COMPANY DatabaseER Diagrams, Naming Conventions, and Design IssuesExample of Other Notation: UML Class DiagramsRelationship Types of Degree Higher than TwoCopyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheData Modeling Using theEntity-Relationship (ER) ModelEntity-Relationship (ER) modelPopular high-level conceptual data modelER diagramsDiagrammatic notation associated with the ER modelUnified Modeling Language (UML)Copyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheUsing High-Level Conceptual Data Models for Database DesignRequirements collection and analysisDatabase designers interview prospective database users to understand and document data requirementsResult: data requirementsFunctional requirements of the applicationCopyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheUsing High-Level Conceptual Data Models (cont’d.)Conceptual schema Conceptual designDescription of data requirementsIncludes detailed descriptions of the entity types, relationships, and constraintsTransformed from high-level data model into implementation data modelCopyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheUsing High-Level Conceptual Data Models (cont’d.)Logical design or data model mappingResult is a database schema in implementation data model of DBMSPhysical design phaseInternal storage structures, file organizations, indexes, access paths, and physical design parameters for the database files specifiedCopyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheA Sample Database ApplicationCOMPANYEmployees, departments, and projectsCompany is organized into departmentsDepartment controls a number of projectsEmployee: store each employee’s name, Social Security number, address, salary, gender, and birth dateKeep track of the dependents of each employeeCopyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheCopyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheEntity Types, Entity Sets, Attributes, and KeysER model describes data as: EntitiesRelationshipsAttributesCopyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheEntities and AttributesEntityThing in real world with independent existenceAttributesParticular properties that describe entityTypes of attributes:•Composite versus simple (atomic) attributes•Single-valued versus multivalued attributes•Stored versus derived attributes•NULL values•Complex attributesCopyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheEntities and Attributes (cont’d.)Copyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheEntity Types, Entity Sets, Keys, and Value SetsEntity type Collection (or set) of entities that have the same attributesCopyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheEntity Types, Entity Sets, Keys, and Value Sets (cont’d.)Key or uniqueness constraint Attributes whose values are distinct for each individual entity in entity setKey attribute•Uniqueness property must hold for every entity set of the entity typeValue sets (or domain of values)Specifies set of values that may be assigned to that attribute for each individual entityCopyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheInitial Conceptual Design of the COMPANY DatabaseCopyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheRelationship Types, Relationship Sets, Roles, and Structural ConstraintsRelationshipWhen an attribute of one entity type refers to another entity typeRepresent references as relationships not attributesCopyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheRelationship Types, Sets, and InstancesRelationship type R among n entity types E1, E2, ..., EnDefines a set of associations among entities from these entity typesRelationship instances riEach ri associates n individual entities (e1, e2, ..., en)Each entity ej in ri is a member of entity set EjCopyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheRelationship DegreeDegree of a relationship type Number of participating entity typesBinary, ternaryRelationships as attributesThink of a binary relationship type in terms of attributesCopyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheCopyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheRole Names and Recursive RelationshipsRole names and recursive relationshipsRole name signifies role that a participating entity plays in each relationship instanceRecursive relationshipsSame entity type participates more than once in a relationship type in different rolesMust specify role nameCopyright © 2011 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant NavatheCopyright ©


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UT Dallas CS 6360 - Ch07

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