11/26/20131Collection of quiz keys for second half of semesterQuiz #8Evolution and Speciation3. At the genetic level, evolution is A. a change in fitness over time.B. a population change over time.C. a change in the frequency of an allele or genotype over time.D. an increase in fitness over time.E. natural selection.4. The differential success of alleles is called _____.A. selection.B. genetic drift.C. fixation.D. migration.E. evolution.5. Natural selection that increases the frequency of a favorable allele is called _____.A. positive selectionB. balancing selectionC. sexual selection1. All the alleles present in all individuals in a population are referred to as the ____ of that population.A. gene poolB. allele frequencyC. genotype frequencyD. genotypeE. phenotype2. In general, in a sample of n individuals, the frequency of an allele isA. the number of occurrences of the allele.B. the number of occurrences of the allele divided by n.C. nD. the number of occurrences of the allele divided by twice the number of individuals in the sample (2n).E. twice the number of occurrences of the allele divided by n.6. The non-adaptive mechanisms of evolutionary change are: A. migration, mutation, and genetic drift.B. migration , balancing selection, and genetic drift.C. migration , sexual selection, and genetic drift.D. mutation, sexual selection, and genetic drift.E. mutation, genetic drift, and heterozygote advantage.7. A hypothetical endangered species of wildflower has been reduced to a single small population in a mountain meadow. A rare early spring blizzard kills all but 3 of the remaining plants, one of which has a rare mutation. This is an example of:A. natural selection.B. sexual selection.C. genetic drift/bottleneck.D. genetic drift/founder event.E. None of the answer options are correct.8. When you use a field guide to identify a species by its appearance, you are applying the _____.A. morphospecies conceptB. biological species conceptC. ecological species conceptD. evolutionary species concept9. A population that exhibits only one allele at a particular gene is _____ for that allele.A. adjustedB. slantedC. fixedD. directedE. broken10. Which of the following is a condition of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?A. No differences in the survival and reproductive success of individualsB. No migrationC. No mutationD. Random matingE. All of the conditions listed are conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.11/26/20132Quiz #9Speciation3. A drawback of the biological species concept is that it cannot be applied to:A. extinct organisms.B. asexual organisms such as bacteria.C. polymorphic species.D. extinct and asexual organisms.E. all of the answer options are correct.4. Two individuals are members of the same species if:A. they look similar.B. they behave similarly.C. they share genetic information.D. they can produce fertile offspring.5. Two populations are the same species if they can successfully breed with each other. A. TrueB. False1. For species determination of asexual organisms, it is useful to use: A. biological species concept.B. ecological species conceptC. morphospecies concept.D. evolutionary species concept.E. both B and D above2. Unlike the biological species concept, the morphospecies concept relies on:A. genotype.B. phenotype.C. behavior.D. offspring.6. You are studying reproduction in a species of frog. Two gametes that are diploid join to form a viable zygote. If the F1 mates with one of the parents will there be viable offspring?A. yesB. no7. Horses and donkeys can interbreed, but their offspring (mules) are infertile. This is an example of what kind of reproductive isolating mechanism?A. pre-zygotic, behavioral isolationB. pre-zygotic, temporal separationC. pre-zygotic, ecological separationD. post-zygotic, genetic separationE. post-zygotic, ecological separation8. _____ is the process by which diverging populations undergo natural selection in favor of enhanced pre-zygotic isolation.A. RadiationB. ReductionC. ReinforcementD. RemovalE. Reproduction9. _____ is the process in which two groups of organisms living in the same habitat diverge into separate species.A. allopatric speciationB. peripatric speciationC. adaptive radiationD. co-speciationE. sympatric speciation10. Several species of fireflies are active on the same summer nights in the same fields. Males and females recognize one another by their distinctive flashing patterns. This is an example of what kind of reproductive isolation?A. pre-zygotic, behavioral isolationB. pre-zygotic, temporal separationC. pre-zygotic, ecological separationD. post-zygotic, lock and keyE. post-zygotic, ecological separationQuiz #10Animal diversity through lophotrochozoa11/26/201333. The advantages of the amniotic egg includesA. relatively short development times.B. the ability to resist desiccation in dry terrestrial habitats.C. improved protection from predators.D. improved ability to withstand wide temperature fluctuations.E. the ability to withstand freezing.4. A true coelom arises between layers of:A. Endoderm and ectodermB. Ectoderm onlyC. Endoderm and mesodermD. Mesoderm onlyE. Endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm depending on the taxonomic group1. Which of the following characteristics of development is unique to animals?A. Changes in cell formB. Changes in cell positionC. Changes in cell-cell interactionsD. Genetic regulation of developmentE. Mitotic development of gametes2. The major evolutionary split of bilateriananimals was based on_____.A. the nature of the body cavityB. the degree of segmentationC. the developmental patternsD. the growth mechanismsE. the number of germ layers during gastrulation5. Comparative embryology helped clarify the relationships among major groups of animals. The bilaterians, for example, can be divided into the _____ based on the developmental fate of the blastopore.A. protostomes and deuterostomesB. coelomates and acoelomatesC. coelomates and pseudocoelomatesD. cnidarians and radiolariansE. protostomes and coelomates6. A close evolutionary relationship between annelids and mollusks is suggested by the presence of a _____ in both phyla as well as by molecular sequence comparisons.A. trochophoreB. lophophoreC. radulaD. bivalveE. none of these7. Cnidarians are able to capture prey with the aid of _____, harpoon-like organelles that are often tipped with neurotoxins.A. choanocytesB. cnidocyteC. mesogleaD. polypsE. flagella8. Diploblastic organisms lack which germ layer?A. EndodermB. MesodermC.