11/26/20131Clickers: KEYA man who carries an allele of an X-linked gene will pass it on to _____. A) all of his daughters B) half of his daughters C) all of his sons D) half of his sons E) all of his children 2“An individual with a novel adaptation has evolved that adaptation.” This statement is A) true B) true but only when considering the genotype C) true but only when considering the phenotype D) false E) there is not enough information given 3When allele frequencies change because of genetic drift,_____.A. The effect of drift on average fitness is not predictable B. the average fitness of the population decreasesC. the average fitness of the population increases D. the average fitness of the population remains the same411/26/20132A biologist doing a long-term study on a wild spider population observes increased variation in silk thickness. Which of the following could the spider population be experiencing?A) directional selectionB) stabilizing selectionC) disruptive selectionD) sexual selectionE) genetic drift5In which taxonomic group do whales belong?A. ChordataB. CetaceaC. MammaliaD. All of the aboveE. None of the above6The protostome developmental sequence arose just once in evolutionary history, resulting in two main subgroups: Lophotrochozoaand Ecdysozoa. What does this finding suggest?A) These two subgroups have a common ancestor that was a deuterostome.B) The protostomes are a polyphyletic group.C) Division of these two groups occurred after the protostome developmental sequence appeared.D) The lophotrochozoans are monophyletic.7The common ancestor of the protostomes had a coelom. What does this suggest?A) All lophotrochozoans have a coelom.B) There are no pseudocoelomates within the protostomes.C) There are no acoelomates within the protostomes.D) The body cavity evolved before the lophophore.811/26/20133The major evolutionary split of protostome animals was based on _____.A) nature of the body cavityB) presence or degree of segmentationC) number of germ layers present in embryonic developmentD) method of feedingE) way that the organism grows9Which adaptation is unique to insects among all protostomes?A. The ability to move via jointed limbsB. The ability to move by flyingC. The ability to consume terrestrial plantsD. The ability to parasitize other organismsE. The ability to metamorphose10Which one of these groups does not molt?A. CrustaceansB. ArthropodsC. MollusksD. ChelicerataE. Nematoda11Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder in homozygous recessive humans. It typically causes death in the early 30s. Over time we would expect the allele frequency to _________for this trait.A. Remain the sameB. IncreaseC. DecreaseD. Fluctuate randomlyE. Drive disruptive selection1211/26/20134Two plants are crossed, resulting in offspring with a 3:1 ratio for a particular trait. What does this suggest?A) that the parents were true---breeding for contrasting traits B) that the trait shows incomplete dominance C) that a blending of traits has occurred D) that the parents were both heterozygous for a single trait E) that each offspring has the same alleles for each of two traits 13Which of the following statements best describes theories? A) They are nearly the same things as hypotheses. B) They are supported by, and make sense of, many observations. C) They cannot be tested because the described events occurred only once. D) They are predictions of future events.14Why does recombination between linked genes continue to occur?A) Recombination is a requirement for independent assortment.B) Recombination must occur or genes will not assort independently.C) New allele combinations are acted upon by natural selection.D) The forces on the cell during meiosis II always result in recombination.E) Without recombination there would be an insufficient number of gametes.15In the formula for determining a population’s genotype frequencies, the pq in the term 2pq is necessary becauseA) The population is diploid. B) Heterozygotes can come about in two ways.C) The population is doubling in number.D) Heterozygotes have two alleles.1611/26/20135If two modern organisms are distantly related in an evolutionary sense, then one should expect thatA) They live in very different habitats. B) They should share fewer homologous structures than two more closely related organisms. C) Their chromosomes should be very similar. D) They shared a common ancestor relatively recently. E) They should be members of the same genus.17Which of the following factors would not contribute to allopatric speciation?A) A population becomes geographically isolated from the parent population.B) The separated population is small, and genetic drift occurs.C) The isolated population is exposed to different selection pressures than the ancestral population.D) Different mutations begin to distinguish the gene pools of the separated populations.E) Gene flow between the two populations is extensive.18We have not had any pop ecolquestions yet, but these are about the right type I would give on an exam.The “realized niche” of Canadian geese depends on which of the following?a. interspecific competition between Canadian geese and other birdsb. competitive exclusion of Canadian geese by other organismsc. the distribution of Canadian geese parasitesd. the climate of a given environmente. All of the above.11/26/20136The presence of amino acid–producing bacteria in the bodies of aphids is an example of:a. obligate mutualism.b. commensalism.c. facultative mutualism.d. antagonism.In what biome would you expect to find the greatest diversity of insects?a. desertb. deciduous forestc. savannad. rain foreste. tundraAs a population approaches its carrying capacity, its growth rate:a. increases.b. decreases.c. stays the same.d. stops.Only density-dependent factors impact population growth.a. Trueb. False11/26/20137A population that has a high mortality early in the life cycle would have a ____________ survivorship curve.a. Type Ib. Type IIc. Type IIId. Type IVA few extrasHumans are considered: a. r-strategists.b. K-strategists .c. non-strategists.Which of the following are forms of asexual reproduction?a. buddingb. fragmentationc. parthenogenesisd. All of the above.11/26/20138Meiosis is a form of cell division that: a. halves the chromosome number.b. doubles the chromosome number.c. separates the X and Y chromosomes. d. allows asexual reproduction.Which is notan advantage of asexual reproduction?a. does not involve finding a mateb.