Ch 1 Bond and Smith Key Points and Vocab-What is politics?-What is government?-What is democracy?-What are the core principals of democracy?-How does a representative democracy uphold these core principals?-How can we make sense of democracy and politics in America?Politics, Government, and Popular SovereigntyPolitics and Government- Harold D. Lasswell: politics is “who gets what, when, and how?”- David Easton: politics is the “authoritative allocation of values.”Similar to a group of friends arguing over what movie to rent= engaging in some form of politics; they are figuring out whose values will be binding the groups. -The person making the final decision in this situation is the government Vocab:1. Government: the institution that has the authority to make binding decisions for all of society 2. Soverignty: the legitimate authority in government to wield coercive power to authoritatively allocate valuesTHREE BASIC FORMS based on who wields sovereign powera.)Autocracy: a form of government where the power to make authoritative decisions and allocate rescources is vested in one person. b.)Oligarchy: a form of government in which the power to make authoritative decisions and allocate resources is vested in a small group of people.c.)Democracy: a form of government in which all the citizens have the opportunity to participate in the process of making authoritative decisions and allocating resources3. Popular Sovereignty: The idea that the highest political authority in democracy is the will of the people-all of the citizens have the right to participate in the process of deciding who gets what-the process : how decisions are made Process and Substance Democracy as a Process: the institutions and rules that organize and operate the political system create a decision making process that is typically slow and inefficient-it demands : patience, tolerance, and wiliness to compromise -because of this, it tends to be more equitable and just Democratic Substance-a democratic substance can produce and undemocratic outcome Ex. US denying people rights based on race through voting.the process was democratic, voting, debating, majority rules, but the substance was not democraticHow does democracy uphold the concept of popular sovereignty when some want touse that power to limit the rights of others?Core Democratic Principals:-Majority Rule, political freedom, and political equality Vocab:1. Majority Rule: The principal under which government follows the course of action preferred by most people2. Absolute Majority: Fifty percent plus one of all members or all eligible voters3. Simple Majority: Fifty percent plus one of those participating or those who vote4. Plurality: the largest percentage of a voter when no one has majority5. Minority Rights: the full rights of democratic citizenship help by any group numerically inferior to the majority. These fundamental democratic rights cannot be taken away-even if majority wishes to do so-without breaking the promises of democracy-Political Freedom: must have the right to express ones views, a lot of different wants and demands6. Political equality: the idea that individual preferances should be given equal weight7. equality under the law: the idea that the law is supposed to be applied impartially, without regard for the identity or status of the individual involved8. social equality: the idea that the people should be free of class or social barriers or discrimination9. economic equality: the idea that each individual should receive the same amount of material goods regardless of his or her contributions to society -sharing or redistribution of wealth is a big controversy10. equality of opportunity: the idea that every individual has the right to develop to the fullest extent of his or her abilitiesTwo Basic Forms of Democracy:Vocab:1. Direct Democracy: a form of democracy in which ordinary citizens, rather than representatives, collectively make government decisions 2. Initiative: An election in which ordinary citizens circulate a petition to puta purposed law on the ballot for voters to approve3. Referendum: An election in which the state legislature refers a purposed law to the voters for their approval4. Representative Democracy: a system of government where ordinary people do not make governmental decisions themselves but choose public officials-reps of the people- to make decisions for them5. liberal Democracy: a representative democracy , such as great britian or