INTELLIGENCE AND INTELLIGENCE TESTING I. Nature of Intelligencea. Historyi. Specific skillsii. General factorb. Gardneri. Came up with theory of multiple intelligencec. Sternbergi. Triarchic theory of intelligence 1. Information processing – standard schooling 2. Experiential – ability to learn quickly, benefit rapidly from new experience 3. Contextual – to adapt quickly to and recognize different contexts and problem solvingII. Testing Intelligence a. Issues of testing i. Reliability ii. Validityb. Stability – changes over childhood 1. By age 6, many children will change IQ by a bunch2. Stabilizes around age 103. IQ tests actually achievement tests4. Over-assumption: all children exposed to same cognitive environment c. Commonly used testsi. Group tests1. California test of mental maturity, may be given more to adults2. Best used when used as screening devices3. Cheap and efficient, but also not very good ii. Individuals tests1. Wechsler series – WPPSI, WISC, WAISa. Divided into verbal and performance subtests2. Stanford-Bineta. A lot of factor analysis3. Bayley Scales a. Not called IQ scores anymore, called “developmental scores” b. Most infant tests are tested for motor development and then tested later for verbal intelligencec. Children with severe motor delays may have biological conditions which are also correlated with low life 4. Peabody Picture Vocabulary5.