Biology reading for 4/10/15The ancestor of fungi was an aquatic, single-celled, flagellated protestFungi are most related to animals than to plants or other eukaryotesThe origin of FungiOpisthokonts: a clade that contains the fungi, the animals, and their protestant relatives that contain flagellaNucleariids: a group of unicellular protists that consists of amoebas that feed on algae and bacteriaThe Move to LandPlants colonized land about 470 million years ago. It is possible that fungi colonized land before plants. Life on land before plants have been described as a “green slime” that consisted of cyanobacteria, algae, and a variety of small, heterotrophic species including fungi.Fungi have radiated into a diverse set of lineagesMajor fungal groups: Chytrids, zygomycetes, glomeromycetes, ascomycetes, and basidiomycetesChytrids: globular fruiting body forms multicellular branched hyphae. Contain flagellated spores.Zoospores: Flagellated spores contained by chytridsZygomycetes: includes fast growing molds that grow on human food. Others grow as parasites or commensal symbionts of animals.Zyhosporangium: study structure, produced by plasmogamny in which karyogamy and meiosis occursZygosporangia are resistant to freezing and drying. They are also metabolically inactive.Glomeromycetes: Nearly all form of arbuscular mycorrhizaeThey supply minerals and other nutrients to the rootsAscomycetes: Sac fungi. Common to many marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitatsAsci: Sac like structures that contain the production of sporesAscocarps: fruiting bodies developed by most ascomycetesConidia: Spores produced by ascomycetes. They are produced externally on the tips of conidiophores that can be dispersed by windBasidium: a cell in which karyohamy occurs, followed immediately by meiosisBasidiomycetes: Also called club fungi. Contains a ling-lived, heterokaryotic stage in which each cells have two nuclei. One from each parent. Basidiocarps: elaborate fruiting bodies produced by myceliumFungi play key roles in nutrient cycling, ecological interactions, and human welfareFungus-plant mutualismsEndophytes: fungi or bacteria that live inside leaves or other plant parts without causing harmLichen: a symbiotic associated between a photosynthetic microorganism and fungus in which millions of photosynthetic cells are held in a mass of fungal hyphaeSoredia: small clusters of hyphae with embedded algaeFungi as parasitesParasitic fungi absorb nutrients from their host without giving anything in returnMysosis: infection in an animal by a fungal parasitePractical uses for fungiMushrooms can be used for human consumptionFungi can be used to ripen Roquefort and blue cheeses.Yeasts can produce alcoholic beverages. Quizlet link: