PSY 322 1st EditionExam # 3 Study Guide Lectures: 7Lecture 7 (April 6)Anxiety Disorders- Fear vs. Anxietyo Fear or panic: a basic emotion enabling a quick response when faced with an imminent treat (immediate danger) fight or flight responseo Anxiety: a complex blend of emotions that is more future oriented and more diffuse than fear (future danger) future oriented mood state regarding situations that are unknown or uncontrollableAnxiety Disorders- initially considered neuroses, abandoned since DSM-III (1980)- have panic or anxiety or both- Panic: basic emotion that involves activation of flight or fight response of autonomic nervous system- Anxiety: includes blends of high levels on negative effect, worry about possible threat or danger and sense that threats are unpredictable or uncontrollable- anxiety or fear comes unexpectedly- persistent- Components of Anxietyo cognitive component: thinking things, sense of unease, worry, mood “I feel anxious about getting something done”o Physiological symptoms: increased heart rate, increased respiration, overarousal, readiness in event that danger might occur, increased cortisol level (stress hormone) differs than fear because heightened feelings remained heightened in anxietyo Behavioral components: strong tendency to avoid situations where danger might occur but theres no immediate urge to flee associated with anxiety as there is with fear- Why do we have it?o Anxiety and fear are adaptive to survive survival so we can prepare to either kill or avoid it (“fight or flight response”) People perform better when they are slightly anxious o Anxiety motivates us to prevent bad things from happening in the future there is an inverse relationship between how well we do on something and how much anxiety or fear we experience- too little anxiety , one do not do as well- too much anxiety, one do not do as well- optimal level of anxiety = best grades- Who suffers from anxiety disorder?o common kind of psychological disorders 30% women for anxiety disorder 19% men for anxiety disorderso 23 million Americans per year experience some sort of anxiety disordero phobias are the most common anxiety disorder- Why is anxiety disorders so common?o it is disorder specifico genetic and biological factors:  genetic predisposition Behavioral inhibition system - system in body that involve staying away from things that’s cohersive or bad- people with anxiety disorder have over activated behavioral inhibition system HPA Axiso Psychological factors childhood experiences  parenting  early conditioned responses stressful life events and pressureDSM-5 Anxiety Disorder- Separation Anxiety Disorder : disorder in childhood but is not in DSM anymore- Selective Mutism: Disorder in childhood but not in DSM anymore- Specific Phobias- Panic Disorders (with or without agoraphobia)- social phobia- generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)DSM-5 Obsessive Compulsive Related- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder- Body Dysphorphic Disorder : used to be listed as a somatoform disorder and now is obsessive compulsiveo obsession over part of body with “compulsion” or hide that part of body- Hoarding Disorder: used to be part of OCD but not its own- Trichotillomania (Hair pulling disorder): excessive hair pulling, used to be impulse control- Excoriation (skin picking) DisorderDSM-5 Trauma and Stressor Related Disorder (Requires some OUTSIDE thing to happen in order for disorders to exist)- Reactive Attachment Disorder: used to be listed as childhood disorder but not anymore- Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder: used to be listed as childhood disorder but not anymore- Post traumatic Stress Disorder- Acute Stress Disorder- Adjustment DisorderPost Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)- Experience of severe trauma (war, rape, car accidents, etc)- threat of death or harm- Symptomso Re-experiencing Symptoms (must have at least one)recurrent intrusive distressing recollection of traumarecurrent distressing dreamsflashbacksintense psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that represent trauma (impaired concentration or memory)physiological reactivity to exposure to internal or external cues that represent traumaperson persistently avoid stimuli associated with traumaperson experience persistent symptoms of increased arousaldepressiono Avoidance symptoms (at least one)avoidance or effort to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelingsavoidance or effort to avoid external reminderso Cognitive and Mood Alterations (must have at least two)Inability to remember important aspects of trauma (things right before and afterevent)negative beliefs about self, world and future-patients try to find reasons why event happened in superstitious waydistorted cognitions about cause and consequence of events-events are unpredictable when it happened but patients blame self -“if only I didn’t do this, then event would not have happened”persistent negative emotional stateanhedonia (lack of pleasure)feelings of detachment or estrangement (patients cannot talk about illness)inability to experience positive emotions (relaxation, excited, etc)o Persistent Increased Arousal (must have 2)difficulty falling or staying asleep (cant even relax to go to sleep)irritability or outbursts of angerreckless or self destructive behaviordifficulty concentratinghypervigilance (constantly scanning environment to look for danger)exaggerated startled response )everyday, response to small events like dropping pen)- symptoms must last more than one month after trauma- must cause distress or impairment- specify:o acute : last less than 3 monthso chronic: last more than 3 monthso With delayed onset : symptoms begin in 6 months or more after trauma- cannot be explained by other psychological disorders- has specifier : with or without dissociative disorder ( it is rare if PTST is with dissociative disorder)- Statisticso 6.8% or population have had PTSD~93% experience trauma but few experience PTSDPTSD is two times more common in women (Rape) than men (military combat) 2:1 RATIOo most common traumas are sexual assault and combat among those with PTSDo not everyone who experiences trauma develops PTSD- Causes:o Biological Predispositionhyperactive amygdala (people with hyperactive amydala may have a more likely chance of getting PTSD)-PTSD people have amygdale that reacts more