Psy 322 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 4-6Lecture 4 (February 23)Sexual and Identity Disorder“Normal” Sexual functioning varies across culture including both heterosexual and homosexual relationships- Gender Identity: a subjective view of your gender regardless of what biological gender you are- Sexual Orientation: preference for your sexual partner (homosexual, heterosexual, bisexual, and pansexual)o Pansexual is to love the person you are with- Gender Dysphoria: biological sex do not line up with gender identity causing psychological distressHuman Sexuality- Alfred Kinsey (1938) : first person to study sexuality- William Masters & Virginia Johnson: recorded physical response during sex of 700 adultso States there are FOUR stages in sexual functioning (arousal, plateau, orgasm, resolution)- Helen Kaplan’s stages (desire, excitement, orgasm)- NOW~!o Desire: begins in response to external and internal cueso arousal: physical and psychological signs of sexual arousal Men: Penile Tumescence (blood flow increases in penis) Women: vasocongestion (swelling of blood vessels), vaginal lubricationo Orgasm: Men: feels inevitability of ejaculation followed by actual ejaculation of seminal fluid Women: Contraction in outer third of vagina Both: strong subjective feeling of pleasure from braino Resolution:  Men: Physical arousal decreases, resting period occurs when penis erection cannot occur women: may experience two or more orgasms before resting periodAlthough gender differences in sexual behavior are decreasing…- men masturbate more frequently than women- men are more accepting of premarital sex- Men think and do more to have sex , defines sex as physical pleasure - Women can have longer sex , more orgasms and may not have resting periods and needsemotional intimacy for sexParaphillic Disorderso Involves persistent sexual patterns in which unusual objects, rituals, or situations must be present, manifested by fantasies, urges or behavior, for full sexual satisfaction for a period of at least 6 monthso One has acted on these urges with a non-consenting person, or the sexual urges or fantasies have caused clinically significant distress or impairmento Usually starts at age 16 and is chronico Vast majority are meno most individuals with paraphilias have more than one1) Paraphilic Disorders based on Anomalous TARGET Preference (Sexual urges, fantasies, behaviors associated with targets that deviate from what is considered a norm)a. Fetishistic disorder : Recoccuring and intense sexual arousal that involves nonliving objects or nongenital parts such as shoes and undergarmenti. occur after looking at or fondling, rubbing, licking, smelling the object, seeing one wear it or manipulating the objectii. excludes cross dressing (transvestism)iii. Common fetish: clothes and shoesiv. chronic into adulthood, starts at adolescencev. Usually happen in private or with consenting partnervi. primarily menb. Transvestic Disorder (“Cross dressing”): Recurrent and intense sexual arousal thatresult from cross dressingi. Heterosexual male (identified as man, does manly activities) but wears women clothing :::ONLY MEN!ii. starts in childhood and is chroniciii. not every cross dressers or female impersonator (wears women clothes just for stage performances) are transvesticiv. Different than transgender (wearing opposite sex clothes to feel more comfortable in their own skin)c. Pedophilia Disorder (recurrent and intense sexual urges involving direct focus on pre-pubescent childreni. victims can be either gender, may include incestii. Can be diagnosed even if actor denies distress or functional impairment (only has acted on one’s urges or fantasies)iii. most Common act: fondling and genital exposureiv. least common act: rape and abductionv. Pedophilia has fantasies and urges but do not usually act on it. Child molester acts of it.2) Paraphilic disorders based on anomalous ACTIVITY preferences(based on sexual activitesthat deviate from norm and must show distress or functional impairment)a. Exhibitionistic disorder: Recurrent and intense arousal involving exposing one’s genitals to an unsuspected strangeri. Ex: Masturbation in front of strangersii. usually perpetrator are men, victims are womeniii. “high victim” crimeb. Frotteuristic Disorder : recurrent and intense arousal that involves touching or rubbing against a non-consenting and unfamiliar womeni. Contact areas: thighs, butt, genitals, breastii. usually men and has minimal sentencesiii. starts at adolescence, decreases in early to mid twentiesc. Voyeuristic Disorder: Arousal by viewing unsuspecting individuals nude, undressing or engaged in sexual activityi. Peeping tomii. perpetrators are thought to have limited social skills, limited sexual knowledge and problems with sexual dysfunction and intimacyd. Sexual Masochism: (Sexual excitation at idea of being humiliated or made to suffer)i. Pain = spanked, slapped, whippedii. humiliation = wear diapers, lick shoe, display nudenessiii. Usually mutually agreed and stopped safely but can lead to injury or death if severeiv. Onset from adolescent to young adulthoode. Sexual Sadism: (Inflicting pain or humiliation to achieve sexual excitation)i. mistreating a human verbally or physicallyii. If with consenting adult, then it is enjoyable (aka “BDSM”)iii. dangerous if with one that is alone or with a non-consenting person (leads to sexual assault)iv. Perpetrators are usually malev. Onset from adolescent to young adulthood SOMEONE CAN HAVE BOTH SADISM AND MASOCHISMParaphilias (Continue):- Causes: NOT WELL UNDERSTOODo Early experiences may shape inappropriate sexual desireso may involve overall higher sexual drive or repeated pairing of inappropriate fantasies with masturbationo efforts to suppress thoughts may in fact increase them- Treatment:o Psychosocial treatment: Covert Desensitization: Imagine doing the act but also visualizing the negative consequences (getting caught, sent to jail) - false memories processed as real memories and one begins to deal with negative consequences associated with the inappropriate behavior- used to Eliminate or decrease inappropriate sexual arousal Orgasmic Reconditioning: Replacing a usual item used to masturbate witha more appropriate item right before you have an orgasm Cognitive Restructuring: Subsitute faulty thoughts with positive thoughts- Empathy training: teach offenders the harmful aspects of behaviors and