Kin 122 1st Edition Lecture 17 Current Lecture Coronary artery disease Most common form of cardiovascular disease Occurs when the coronary arteries become hardened and narrowed due to plaque build up Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis Process in which deposits of fatty substances cholesterol cellular waste products calcium and other substances build up in the inner lining of an artery Atherosclerosis consequences Over time reduced blood flow supply May or may not be symptomatic Plaques can rupture and cause blood clots Leads to Angina Heart attack Stroke Angina Pain in chest typically Caused by lack of oxygen to the heart Due to blockage of coronary arteries Typically brought on by stress or physical activity May experience angina before a heart attack Not all people who experience angina go on to have a heart attack Not all heart attacks are preceded by an angina attack Treatment rest or nitroglycerin Heart attack Myocardial infarction MI Coronary artery blockage These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Blood flow to a portion of the heart is blocked in one or more of the coronary arteries Heart tissues below blockage do not receive blood oxygen Can suffer irreversible damage if blood supply is not quickly restored Damage can be minor major or fatal Atherosclerosis treatment Opening up the blocked artery Angioplasty Stent Risk of restenosis Angioplasty 30 at 6 months Stent 10 12 at 6 months Going around the blocked artery Coronary artery bypass graft CAGB Vessels from leg or arm grafted to bypass blocked coronary artery arteries Peripheral artery disease Atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries Lack of blood supply in the extremities Sign of advanced widespread vascular disease Causes pain weakness numbness Amputation can be necessary High risk for morbidity mortality Congestive heart failure Heart has been damaged to the degree that it can no longer properly function Congestive refers to fluid build up Blood pools in heart and or lungs because heart can t pump out to the body efficiently About half of those with CHF die within 5 years of their diagnosis Arrhythmias Abnormal heartbeat Problem with heart s electrical impulses Heart rate Electrical conduction Starts from the SA node Pacemaker Controls firing rate Normal HR 60 100 beats min Contraction of the heart Measured as ECG EKG Electrodes placed on specific sites of the body capture activity of the heart Produces a rhythm that reflects contraction relaxation process Arrhythmias Abnormal heartbeat SA node fires faster or slower than normal Other areas of the heart act as pacemakers Some arrhythmias reflect underlying disease others are harmless Can result in incomplete filing of the heart chambers Some examples Sinus bradycardia SA node fires 60 bpm Can occur with exercise training Sinus tachycardia SA node fires 100 bpm Stroke Brain attack caused by lack of blood flow to the brain Blockage of cerebral arteries Brain cells die within minutes Types of stroke 2 Types of Stroke Ischemic Stroke Obstruction of blood vessel 80 85 of all stroke cases Hemorrhagic Stroke Weakened vessel that ruptures and bleeds into the surrounding brain 15 20 of all stroke cases Transient ischemic attack mini stroke or warning stroke Same signs and symptoms as stroke Blockage symptoms are temporary Usually less than 5 minutes TIA Typically no permanent damage High risk for stroke after TIA 30 within 1 year go on to have a stroke