Kin 122 1st Edition Lecture 16 Current Lecture CVD Hypertension Coronary heart disease or coronary artery disease Angina Heart attack Peripheral arterial disease Congestive heart failure Arrhythmias Stroke Heart failure Congenital heart defects Arrhythmias Aneurysms CVD facts About 600 000 people die of heart disease in the US 1 in every 4 deaths Leading cause of death for both men and women Most common Coronary heart disease kills nearly 380 000 people each year CHD alone costs the US 108 9 billion each year Includes the cost of health care services medications and lost productivity Every year about 720 000 Americans have a heart attack 205 000 happen in people who have already had a heart attack Death rate has dropped by 25 in last 10 years WHY Increased awareness of risk factors Early detection Improved medical technology Risk factors review An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle an environmental exposure or an inborn inherited characteristic that is known to be associated with health related conditions When present long term can increase the probability of developing chronic disease or the probability of premature death These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute The cardiovascular system Consists of 1 Heart 2 Blood vessels 3 Blood Transports oxygen nutrients and waste products throughout the body Blood vessels Arteries carry blood away the heart Veins carry blood to the heart Other vessels Arterioles small arteries Venules small veins Capillaries smallest vessels exchange O2 CO2 between blood and tissue The heart Function pump blood throughout the body Beats 60 100 times per minute at rest Pumps 2 000 gallons of blood per day 100 000 contractions per day Contraction of the heart The heart is a muscle it contracts and relaxes Contraction systole Relaxation diastole Heart anatomy 4 Chambers Right and left atria Right and left ventricles 4 Valves Regulate flow of blood through the heart Coronary arteries Provide blood supply to the heart Before hypertension blood pressure What is blood pressure BP Force of our blood on arterial walls Where is blood pressure normally taken Brachial artery Will blood pressure be the same at all locations in the body Not the same at all locations What is happening during systole contraction What is happening during diastole Relaxation How much of the heart cycle is spent in systole and diastole 1 3 contraction 2 3 relaxation Blood pressure Normal blood pressure 120 80 mmHg Hypertension abnormally high pressure on the artery walls Systolic 140 mmHg and or Diastolic 90 mmHg Diagnosis after several BP measures over 1 3 months Hypertension Essential primary hypertension Most common type 90 95 No underlying medical cause Likely combination of genetics lifestyle Secondary hypertension Less frequent 5 10 Cause related to a disease e g renal disease Hypertension About 1 in 3 U S adults has high blood pressure Silent Killer no symptoms Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to Atherosclerosis Stroke Heart attack Peripheral artery disease Chronic kidney disease Retinopathy How to reduce high blood pressure Lifestyle modification Lose weight if overweight Regular physical activity Avoid excessive alcohol Stop smoking Manage stress Healthy eating reduced sodium fat DASH diet Pharmacological management Antihypertensive drugs Regular PA and hypertension Regular physical activity stronger heart pump more blood with less effort force on your arteries decreases lowers blood pressure Exercise can reduce systolic BP by 5 10 mmHg Takes 1 3 months Can reduce need for medication Regular exercise can keep BP from rising as we age Benefits of BP reduction A reduction in BP of 10 5 mmHg Reduce risk of heart attack by 15 Reduce risk of heart failure by 50 Reduce risk of stroke by 38 Reduce risk of death by 10