BCOR 103 1st Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture I Types of RNA II The Genetic Code III The Ribosome Outline of Current Lecture I Ribosome Classes II The Endoplasmic Reticulum III The Golgi Current Lecture The production and synthesis of proteins by ribosomes is important but it is not sufficient for efficient cell processing The proteins need to be organized into complexes in order for cell processes to take place This activity is protein targeting There are two classes of eukaryotic ribosomes membrane bound ribosomes and free ribosomes Membrane bound ribosomes are associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum rough ER and the proteins that they produce have three specific criteria First these proteins remain associated with some type of membrane whether it is the nuclear membrane the ER the Golgi or the plasma membrane Second these proteins are encased in small vesicles Third these proteins are secreted from the cell Free ribosomes like they sound are not bound to any membranes at all The proteins produced by free ribosomes that are found in the cytoplasm mitochondria and chloroplasts and the cytoskeleton The Endoplasmic Reticulum has two subgroups the rough endoplasmic reticulum RER and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum SER The RER is studded with membrane bound ribosomes The RER is responsible for protein translocation protein folding protein modification and protein packaging for transport The SER does not have ribosomes studded on its membrane The main tasks of the SER are fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis steroid and steroid hormone synthesis initial fat oxidation glycogen metabolism detoxification reactions and the storage of materials within the membranes lumen such as calcium The Golgi complex is a collection of ribosome free flat membranes These membranes are singularly named cisternae The Golgi complex has three distinct regions the cis medial and These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute trans sections The trans section faces the RER and deposits materials to it The key activities that the Golgi complex is responsible for are coupling lipids with proteins adding functional groups to proteins removing or modifying carbohydrate components sorting proteins for delivery and finally converting ceramide into sphingomyelin or glycolipids
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