Marb 435 Exam 2 Study Guide Lectures 8 13 Review Questions Platyhelminthes Question 1 Name the three classes of the phylum Platyhelminthes and indicate which ones are parasitic Class Turbellaria flatworms Class Trematoda flukes Class Cestoda tapeworms Trematoda and Cestoda are parasites Question 2 Which of the following statements are true Check all that apply 1 Platyhelminthes are coelomates FALSE they are acoelomates which means they lack a coelom 2 Neoblasts can develop into any other cell type in a flatworm TRUE 3 Platyhelminthes have two anal pores FALSE they have no anus they have only a gastrovascular cavity 4 Flatworms are generally hermaphrodites TRUE 5 Flatworms have spermatozoa with 2 tails TRUE 6 Flatworms have metanephridia FALSE Platyhelminthes have a flame cell 7 Some flatworms produce tetrodotoxin TRUE 8 All platyhelminths have radial cleavage FALSE all coelomates are bilaterally symmetrical Question 3 Describe how turbellarian flatworms move and the role that the duoglands play in locomotion They primarily rely on their cilia to glide them over surfaces but they also have complex body wall musculature for looping or swimming They have circular diagonal and longitudinal muscles Duogland adhesive systems are found in some flatworms containing some cells which produce adhesive secretions and other cells which produce releasing secretions Question 4 What are rhabdites and what are their possible functions Rhabdites are rod shaped secretory products characteristic of the Turbellaria but also found in nemerteans gastrotrichs and annelids The rhabdites are the only or most common secretory product released on the ventral locomotor sole and therefore they are thought to form the viscous mucus used in locomotion by ciliary gliding It is proposed that the principal function of rhabdites in the worms studied is adhesion Question 5 How are turbellarian flatworms capable of killing prey much larger than themselves They can wrap around the prey and cover it with toxic mucus pin prey down with adhesive organs or stab prey with its penis Some can also produce a tetrodotoxin that will paralyze or kill its prey allowing it to swallow the larger animal Question 6 What type of excretory organs are present in Platyhelminthes Platyhelminthes have a primitive excretory system made of flame cells also called solenocytes excretory ducts and excretory pores Question 7 In the following drawing identify and label the male and female reproductive structures only pay attention to the colored text boxes Blue is male orange is female Question 8 Name a trematode digenean and a cestode parasite species and name their definitive and intermediate hosts Echinococcus sp cestode intermediate host sheep goats swine Definitive Host Dog Chinese liver fluke Opisthorchis sinensis trematoda intermediate host snails and fish Definitive host Humans Schistoma trematoda intermediate host Human snail Definitave host snail Question 9 The following are larval stages of which class of Platyhelminthes Cysticercus Cestoda Miracidium Trematoda Oncosphere Cestoda M ller s larva Terbellaria Cercaria Trematoda Redia Trematoda G tte s larva Turbellaria Question 10 Name the parasite that causes bilharziosis What is unusual about this particular genus Schistosomiasis trematoda Most symptoms from this parasite is caused by the eggs It causes bladder problems and can cut circulation to the liver It affects 200 million people and there is male and female parasites that mate instead of undergoing asexual reproduction Review Questions Nemertea Question 1 Describe how the proboscis in nemerteans functions What is its main function The proboscis is suspended in the rynchocoes a coelomic cavity and it can be everted within split seconds through the proboscis pore Some have stylets and or paralytic toxins It can then be retracted again with the proboscis retractor muscle Its main function is feeding Questions 2 In which ways do nemerteans avoid predation They have a glandular epidermis that secretes a sticky toxic mucus Some can also inject toxins into their predators Question 3 True or false FALSE Nemerteans are coelomates they are acoelomates TRUE Some nemerteans parasitize crab egg masses FALSE Nemerteans have a planula larva in their life cycle they have pelidium larva TRUE The longest animal ever found was a nemertean Review Questions Mollusca I Question 1 Name the mollusc classes that the following diagrams represent Cephalopoda Polyplacophora Bivalvia Gastropoda respectively Question 2 What material do the mollusc radula and the mollusc shell consist of respectively Radula chitin Shell Calcareous calcium Question 3 Which organs are typically located in the mantle cavity of molluscs Osphradium anus nephridiopore gill ctenidium Question 4 Add the labels to drawing below Question 5 Name the mollusc classes that the following structures belong to Captacula scaphopoda Girdle polyplacophora Calcareous spicules polyplacophora and aplacophora more important in aplacophora Aesthetes polyplacophora Review Questions Mollusca II Question 1 What is the process shown in the figure below called Identify the structures indicated by lines Question 2 What are some of the potential advantages and disadvantages of performing this process The torsion process allows the head to be pulled into the shell first if it is in danger however it causes the anus waste to fall down on the head Question 3 Name one gastropod species scientific or specific common name each that falls into the following categories Herbivore Littorina spp Or Elysia viridis Carnivore Nudibranchs or Giant Triton Suspension feeder Slipper Limpet Terrestrial Garden Snail Parasite Boone asp Freshwater inhabiting all Pulmonates Terrestrial Garden Slug Invasive Apple Snail Pomacea canaliculata Review Questions Mollusca III Question 1 In the following diagram indicate where dorsal ventral anterior and posterior are Name the structures labeled A D the marked out words are not needed to know for the test Question 2 Which of the following is a protobranch a lamiellibranch and a septibranch bivalve What is the main function of the gills in each case Lamellibranchs Protobranchs Septibranchs Question 3 How do mussels and other benthic bivalves attach themselves to substrate They have a byssus which is a strong bundle of protein threads that extend from the base of the foot Question 4 What is a crystalline style and what is its function In filter feeding bivalves an elongated rod of