BS 162 1st Edition Lecture 11 Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium A way to test whether the assumptions of HW are violated and evolution could be occurring in a population If NO evolution is occurring then a population is in HWE and the null hypothesis is supported If a population is not in HWE there is some evidence of the population evolving Better evidence would be a change in allele frequency over time Hardy Weinberg Requirements Large population Random mating No immigration emigration No mutation No selection Survival of the Fittest Resources are limited in nature Some individuals will not get enough resources to survive and or reproduce Therefore individuals differ in their fitness the number of offspring produced Fitness of individuals can be determined by traits that help the individual obtain resources in their environment Selection favors those traits that confer the highest fitness in their environment The Process of Evolution Theory of natural selection based on 2 key observations 1 Overproduction of offspring 2 Individual heritable variation Natural selection causes adaptive evolution of a population Remember individual does not evolve Inference differential reproductive success natural selection Fitness has many components These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Fitness lumps together everything that is important to natural selection survival matefinding reproduction caring for offspring The fittest individual is not necessarily the strongest fastest etc De extinction Genetics evolution and ecology meet Over 90 of species that have lived on Earth have gone extinct Should humans de extinct animals Which animals How does de extinction work Get DNA and sequence genome Get an egg from a closely related species and replace the DNA in the egg with DNA from the extinct organism Hope control that developmental processes work properly and the organism is born hatched etc Sexual Selection When a certain individual of a population goes out of its way to appear attractive to the opposite sex Mainly males are the one s that go out of their way to attract the female Lions have manes birds have certain colors or songs they sing etc