CHEM 104 1st Edition Lecture 18 Enzymes continued General mechanism first step is fast second is slow Step 1 E enzyme S substrate ES enzyme substrate complex Step 2 ES P product E Enzymes lowers activation energy by changing mechanism Enzymes can become inactive if they are denatured or if they are inhibited Example lysozyme is enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of polysaccharides that form bacterial cell walls Characteristics of chemical equilibrium At equilibrium both reactants and products are present and the concentrations of all species are constant Equilibrium is independent of direction o For a specific reaction at a given temperature the equilibrium state is the same no matter what the direction of approach to equilibrium The equilibrium concentrations are not changed by a catalyst but equilibrium is reached faster since a catalyst speeds up both forward and reverse reactions Equilibrium is dynamic o At equilibrium rate1 rate 1 There is a mathematical relationship between equilibrium concentrations o aA bB cC dD Equilibrium constant Kc C c D d A a B b These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o Heterogeneous equilibrium include in the expression of kc only concentrations that will change i e gases and dilute aqueous solutions
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