Psych 2210 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I. I. Slides (Wrap up) II. Questions/Discussions III. Review for ExamOutline of Current Lecture I. AddictionII. Dopamine: NeurotransmitterIII. Brain Reward CircuitIV. Other Neurotransmitter SystemsV. Neuronal DendritesVI. Risk FactorsCurrent LectureI. Addictiona. Case Study: Maureen O’Connor—i. “Over gambling” ii. “Electronic Heroin”iii. Found tumor on her brain pushing on her reward center in her brainb. Addiction is a brain disease characterized by: i. Compulsive behaviorii. Continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequences iii. Persistent changes in the brains structure and function c. Biology/genesenvironmentd. ^ Drugs ^e. Brain Mechanismsf. AddictionII. Dopamine: Neurotransmittera. Movementb. Motivationc. Addictiond. Reward and well-beingThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.e. Many behaviors each with distinct circuits f. Addiction increases dopamine in reward and motivation circuitIII. Brain Reward Circuita. Anatomy: Mesolimbic pathwayi. Dopamine cell bodies in ventral tegmental area (VTA) ii. Axon terminals in nucleus accumbens/straioitum b. (1) Binding Studies c. (2) Natural Rewards elevate dopamine levels i. Foodii. Sexd. (3) Brain Self-Stimulation studiesi. Intracranial self-stimulation summary 1. Methods2. Reinforcing 3. Link with dopamine releaseii. Drugs increase dopamine release1. Amphatamine 2. Cocaine3. Nicotine4. Morphinee. (4) Self-administrationf. (5) Manipulating Dopamine activity i. Re-up and add addiction1. Drug to treat Parkinson’sii. 17% of treated patients develop: 1. Impulsivity2. Pathologist gambling3. Hyper-sexuality4. Excessive shoppingIV. Other Neurotransmitter Systems are also affected:a. *Serotonin: regulates mood, sleep, etc. b. *Glutamate: regulates learning and memory V. Neuronal Dendrites in the Nucleus Accumbensa. Dopamine D2 receptors are decreased by addiction i. Brain changes resulting from prolonged use of drugs may compromise mental and motor functions. VI. Risk Factorsa. Earlier age at first useb. Brain Developmentc. Vulnerabilityd. Comorbidity with mental