BIOL 100 1st Edition Exam # 2 Study GuideKnow the following concepts:-How Tuberculosis is spread-Artificial Selection & Natural selection. Know the differences-Micro and Macro evolution. Know the differences.-Evolution, Common descent, theory of evolution-Different isolations- Spatial, mechanical, Temporal evolution, -Speciation Studying Tips:Take the practice exam that is attached, go over concepts in the book that you do not understand. Look through your notes and make sure you understand the definitions.Attached below is the practice exam posted by the teacher. This exam will help you A LOT.Please circle the correct answer letter or fill in the blank1) Which of the following plants is the most fit? A) a plant with large flowers B) a plant with deep roots C) a plant with large leaves D) Fitness can't be determined without reference to the environment. 2) Common descent is referred to as a theory because A) there is overwhelming evidence to support it from many areas of biology. B) it's an idea from more than 100 years ago and thus is not a modern idea. C) scientists are reasonably sure it's true, but there's little evidence to support it. D) it's the only idea about life on Earth that can be tested by observation of the material universe. 3) The nonfunctional wings of an ostrich are an example of what sort of evidence for the theory of common descent? A) homologous structures B) vestigial structures C) shared developmental pathways D) DNA similarity 4) Which of the following is true of individuals who are well adapted for a particular environment? A) They will mutate to become fit in other environments. B) They are the best fit for all other environments. C) They may or may not be equally fit in another environment. D) They are at a disadvantage in other environments. 5) You wish to study interspecies mating. Which of the following would be the best mating pair to study? A) a Great Dane and a poodle B) a green bell pepper plant and a red bell pepper plant C) a lion and a tiger D) a striped tiger and an albino tiger 6) Which of the following observations was most influential to Charles Darwin? A) the difference between organisms of South America and organisms of Europe B) the wide variety of living things in South AmericaC) the slight differences between organisms on nearby islands D) the similarity between organisms of South America and organisms of Europe 7) Which of the following is an example of biological evolution? A) You are vaccinated against polio and are protected against the disease. B) The average woman's dress size has increased over the last 50 years. C) Over time, a species of caterpillar becomes the same shade of green as the leaves on which it feeds. D) A tree branch is broken off and another grows in its place. 8) True or false: Natural selection occurs so an organism can become perfectly adapted to its environment.9) How is tuberculosis transmitted? A) by sexual contact B) by infected blood products C) by sneezes D) by contaminated food 10) Evolution is A) a rare event. B) a process that occurs as a result of differences in reproductive fitness. C) a process that occurred only in the past. D) constantly occurring at the same rate in all organisms. 11) What is found when alleles among different human groups are analyzed? A) There are a few race-specific alleles but no consistent patterns of allele frequencies within racial groups. B) There are no race-specific alleles and no consistent patterns of allele frequencies within racial groups. C) There are many race-specific alleles and several consistent patterns of allele frequencies within racial groups. D) There are no race-specific alleles but several consistent patterns of allele frequencies within racial groups. 12) How did an understanding of genetics lead to "the modern synthesis"? A) It showed how traits could be passed from one organism to the next. B) It showed the extent of variation for many traits. C) It showed the kind of environmental change that could cause evolution. D) It showed how many offspring a single individual was capable of producing. 13) How does polyploidy cause reproductive isolation? A) It changes the prey preference of the organism. B) It alters the number of chromosomes in sex cells. C) It changes the timing of reproduction. D) It changes instructions for how to make reproductive anatomy. 14) What is the role of fossils in supporting the theory of common descent? A) Fossils of dinosaurs show that other types of life existed, but there is no evidence of relationships between them. B) There are plenty of fossils to show that animals have evolved, but there are not enough fossils of human ancestors to suggest that humans are related to other animals. C) Fossil evidence has been found to support the relationship between humans and other primates but only in Europe. D) There have been many fossils of intermediate types discovered that provide strong support for the theory of common descent. 15) Where can you find the most genetically diverse populations of humans? A) Pacific Islands B) Africa C) Europe D) Central America 16) Evolution that occurs as a result of chance events is calledA) sexual selection. B) gene flow. C) population bottleneck. D) genetic drift. 17) In a population, which individuals are most likely to survive and reproduce? A) The individuals who grow the most rapidly. B) The individuals who are best adapted to the environment. C) The individuals who can catch the most prey. D) The largest individuals in the group. 18) Which of the following levels would contain members that are the most similar? A) order B) class C) genus D) kingdom 19) Bat wings are homologous to the front legs of cats. What does the term "homologous" mean in this context? A) The common ancestor of bats and cats had a limb with a bone structure similar to that found in cat legs and bat wings. B) The common ancestor of bats and cats had limbs that functioned as wings. C) Bat wings are vestigial legs. D) Both structures are used for the same purpose. 20) A postfertilization barrier to reproduction has what result? A) gamete incompatibility B) mutations in genes that control development C) mechanical isolation of a species D) offspring that fail to develop 21) Evolution that occurs as a result of a dramatic reduction in population size is calledA) gene flow. B) population bottleneck. C) founder effect. D) genetic drift. 22) What is an allele? A) a gene that has been changed