Biol 100 1st editionFinal Exam Study GuideAll chapters discussed in class will be on the testLook at all previous study guides posted, go over those questions.Terms to know:BiodiversityDifferent environments, what types of animals can live in those enviornmentsDifferences between archea and bacteriaCell cycleDifferences between meiosis and meitosisCalories/caloriesTemperatureClimatePosted below is questions made by the professor. These aren’t the exact questions on the test but will give you a general idea of what to know on the exam. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The process of photosynthesis transforms solar energy into ________ energy. A) chemical B) mechanical C) kinetic D) heat 2) During the process of cellular respiration, what is the final acceptor for electrons at the end of the electron transport chain? A) carbon dioxide B) carbon C) hydrogen D) oxygen3) A ________ is a factor in an experiment that can be manipulated. A) placebo B) bias C) control D) variable 4) Which of the following is a lipid? A) cellulose B) ribonucleic acid C) sucrose D) cholesterol 5) During the water cycle, water evaporates from plants through a process called transpiration. Which of these is a similar process during the carbon cycle? A) Carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants and converted to sugars. B) Carbon dioxide is absorbed by soils. C) Carbon dioxide is respired by animals. D) Carbon-based sugars are ingested by animals. 6) Which of the following statements is an example of anecdotal evidence? A) An article on bowel disorders on a medical website. B) Dr. Chowdury's research on bowel disorders, which was published in a scientific journal. C) Information about side effects on the label of a bowel disorder drug. D) Dr. Jackson's statement in his infomercial that "I believe my personal cure for bowel disorders is more effective than any drug I've ever prescribed in 20 years of practicing medicine." 7) Which of the following types of plants undergo the most photorespiration? A) C2 plants B) CAM plants C) C4 plants D) C3 plants 8) Sodium chloride is composed of molecules that are stable when dry. In the presence of water, however, the atoms that compose the molecules separate from each other. What type of chemical bond holds the dry substance together?A) ionic bonds B) hydrogen bonds C) nonpolar covalent bonds D) polar covalent bonds 9) What kind of bond holds two water molecules to each other? A) polar covalent bonds B) ionic bonds C) hydrogen bonds D) nonpolar covalent bonds 10) How do the concentrations of H+ and OH- compare to each other in an acidic solution? A) The concentration of H+ is higher. B) The concentration of H+ is lower. C) Acidic solutions do not contain H+. D) The concentration of H+ is the same. 11) According to scientific evidence, what is the best prevention method known for reducing the chance of contracting a common cold? A) using throat lozenges that contain zinc B) washing your hands frequently and effectively C) drinking Echinacea tea at least once a day D) eating 500 mg of vitamin C a day 12) Which of these is a fossil fuel? A) hydrogen gas B) vegetable oil C) wood D) coal 13) What kind of bond holds the atoms of a single water molecule together? A) covalent bonds that are not polar B) ionic bonds C) covalent bonds that are polar D) hydrogen bonds 14) What happens first after chlorophyll absorbs light energy? A) Water splits into H+ and O2.B) Carbon dioxide is converted to sugar. C) Electrons are released and move to a higher energy level. D) Hydrogen ions combine with electrons to produce NADPH. 15) Which organelle performs cellular respiration? A) Golgi apparatus B) endoplasmic reticulum C) mitochondrion D) lysosome 16) Which of these human activities has directly contributed to global warming? A) development of solar energy B) planting of trees C) burning of coal D) building of greenhouses 17) What does it mean to say that experimental results are peer reviewed? A) The results are obtained from experiments with a large sample size. B) The results are analyzed by other scientists before they are published. C) The results are obtained from double-blind experiments. D) The results are obtained from experiments with a low sampling error. 18) Which plants are best adapted for very dry, hot environments such as deserts? A) C4 plants B) C2 plants C) C3 plants D) CAM plants 19) Carbohydrates are an excellent source of energy for the body. If a candy bar and a pear contain an equal number of calories from carbohydrates, which is a healthier food and why? A) The candy bar is healthier because it contains simple sugars, which are easier for the body to get energy from. B) Neither the candy bar nor the pear is better because they both contain the same number of calories.C) The pear is healthier because it contains more vitamins, minerals, and fiber. D) The pear is healthier because it contains fewer chemical bonds that need to be broken in the digestive tract. 20) Because the electrons in a water molecule are shared unequally between hydrogen and oxygen water is said to be A) ionic. B) noncovalent. C) hydrophobic. D) polar. 21) The process by which carbon dioxide and water are converted to glucose and oxygen is called A) cellular respiration. B) fermentation. C) glycolysis. D) photosynthesis. 22) Diffusion is A) one type of active transport. B) the movement of water across a cell membrane. C) the movement of molecules across a membrane, assisted by proteins embedded in the membrane. D) the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. 23) The scientific method is used to A) determine absolute truth. B) answer specific questions about the natural world. C) distinguish good from evil. D) establish moral codes. 24) Proteins are polymers ofA) nucleotides. B) sugars. C) fatty acids. D) amino acids. 25) An atom will be least likely to form chemical bonds with other atoms when A) there is only one electron in the valence shell. B) the number of protons equals the number of electrons. C) the valence shell is full of electrons. D) the number of protons equals the number of neutrons. 26) What kind of molecule forms a bilayer that is the basis for all cellular membranes? A) protein B) cholesterol C) carbohydrate D) phospholipid 27) It has been