Exam #3 Study Guide Lectures 8-101. Major depressive disorder is diagnosed based on at least ____________ symptoms lasting at least __________ weeks. 5 (including mood), 22. Approximately ____________ percent of people will experience major depressive disorder during their lifetime. 16-173. Among adults, depressive symptoms must last for at least __________ years to qualify for a DSM-5 diagnosis of dysthymia.24. Worldwide, approximately __________ out of every 1000 people will experience a manic episode during their lifetime.65. Bipolar I disorder is diagnosed on the basis of __________ episodes and bipolar II disorder is diagnosed on the basis of _________ episodes. Manic, hypomanic6. Estimates of heritability are approximately _____________ percent for MDD and ___________ percent for bipolar I disorder.a. 60, 93b. 20, 100c. 37, 93d. 10, 597. Depression and mania involve diminished receptor sensitivity of which of the following neurotransmitter systems?a. Acetylcholineb. Serotoninc. Dopamined. Norepinephrine8. Recent models suggest that depression is:a. Related to absolute levels of neurotransmittersb. Related to changes in receptor sensitivity for neurotransmittersc. Unrelated to neurotransmitter systems9. In depression, deregulation of the HPA axis is shown by:a. Hypersensitivity of the pituitary glandb. Failure to suppress cortisol by dexamethasonec. Too little cortisold. Elevated parasympathetic nervous system activity10. Major depressive episodes are commonly preceded by stressful life events. T11. Most people who experience a stressful life event develop MDD. F12. GAD is defined by:Psych 380 1st Editiona. Worryb. Panic attacksc. Fear of situations in which escapes would be hardd. Obsessions and compulsions13. The odds that a person will develop an anxiety disorder sometime during his or her lifetime are at least:a. 1 in 10b. 1 in 5c. 1 in 4d. 1 in 214. _____________ is a personality trait characterized by a tendency to react to events with intense negative effect.Neuroticism15. A key structure in the fear circuit is the:a. Cerebellum b. Amygdalac. Occipital cortexd. Inferior colliculi16. D-cycloserine:a. Cannot be used with exposure treatmentb. Has no effect on the outcome of exposure treatmentc. Bolsters the effects of exposure