Psych 380 1st Edition Lecture 4 Current Lecture Chapter 3 Diagnosis and Assessment I Cornerstones of Diagnosis and Assessment II Classification and Diagnosis III Psychological Assessment IV Neurobiological Assessment V Cultural and Ethnic Diversity and Assessment Diagnosis The classification of disorders by symptoms and signs Advantages of diagnosis Facilitates communication among professionals Advances the search for causes and treatments Cornerstone of clinical care Indicators of a good assessment instrument Reliability asks will I get the same answer Validity accuracy asks will I get the right answer Sensitivity Acceptability Theories of intelligence Guilford s theory no general mental ability 150 or more abilities Type of mental operation evaluation remembering Content of operation people things numbers End product of operation classification relationships Gardner s multiple intelligences intelligence refers to the broad set of mental operations that underlie human activities music education social skills Linguistic Musical Logical Mathematical Spatial Bodily Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal and Naturalist Modern Classification and Diagnosis Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM published by American Psychiatric Association First edition published in 1952 Previous edition DSM IV TR fourth edition revised Published in 1994 text revised in 2000 Many texts and research articles will continue to use DSM IV terminology for a period of time Current edition DSM 5 Published summer of 2013 Ethnic and Cultural Considerations Mental illness universal Culture can influence Risk factors Types of symptoms experienced Willingness to seek help Availability of treatments DSM IV TR includes Enhanced cultural sensitivity Appendix of 25 culture bound syndromes Amok Drat Koru Taijin kyofusho Hikikomori etc Example culture specific disorders A term originally used in West Africa brain fag refers to a condition experienced by high school or university students in response to academic stress Symptoms include fatigued brain blurred vision heat and pain pressure or tightness around the head and neck Mal de ojo a Spanish phrase translated into English as evil eye is a concept widely found in Mediterranean cultures and elsewhere in the world and is believed to result from looking at someone usually a child with envy The target of the envy can develop a variety of symptoms including fitful sleep crying with no apparent cause diarrhea vomiting and fever Criticisms of the DSM Too many diagnoses Should relatively common reactions be pathologized Comorbidity Presence of a second diagnosis 45 of people diagnosed with one disorder will meet criteria for a second disorder Reliability in everyday practice How do we tell if diagnostic system is any good Each diagnosis should Include all the symptoms for that diagnosis Differentiate from similar diagnoses bipolar vs schizoaffective disorder Give the same diagnosis when used by different individuals Be related to predicted associated factors Provide information about course treatment prognosis