SHS 430 1st Edition Lecture 9OUTLINE OF LAST LECTUREI. Test 1OUTLINE OF CURRENT LECTUREI. Components of LanguageII. Components of SpeechIII. Early Language AcquisitionIV. Characteristics of MothereseV. Early Language Acquisition [cont’d] CURRENT LECTUREI. Components of Language-Language is a coded system of rules that organize and convey meaning-Phonology is rules that govern how sounds are produced and strung together (no words with double consonants in the initial position /bb/, if a voiced consonant is in the final position then the plural is pronounced with a /z/ beds). This component also governs rules of stress (loudness), pitch, and duration.-Phonetics is the study of physiology or motor production of speech sounds.-Morphology is rules that govern formation of words and endings (prefixes, suffixes, tenses, etc.) The smallest unit with meaning is a morpheme. Free morphemes must be attached to words [shipment- ship is free while ment is bound] -Semantics are rules that govern word meaning (they are visiting relatives) May have more than one meaning. (Content)-Syntax is rules that govern word order [grammar]-Pragmatics is rules that govern the use of language (social aspects, function, speaker’s purpose)>Sub-categories:Topicalization- introduce/terminate Conversational ability- speaking, listening, turn takingUse of register- tone of voiceEffective language- message must convey what you want it to [jokes, request]Non-verbal communication- facial expression, body movement II. Components of Speech:Respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, and fluency.-Speech is the verbal means of communicating.-Phoneme is the smallest unit of speech that serves to distinguish one utterance from another-Segmentals, suprasegmentals or non-segmentals- melody, intonation, inflection III. Early Language Acquisition-Remember that frequency content is important and required content is differentfor infant acquiring language vs. an adult who already has language.-Also remember that a child can identify meaning from prosodic features [tone ofvoice] before comprehension of spoken language.-Babbling is a tactile response; it feels good [labials and back sounds]-Motherese is a unique communication style used with children. IV. Characteristics of Motherese:-Exaggerated in intonation-Lots of gestures-Higher pitch -Redundant-Simple syntax-Special lexicon-Baby talk-Longer and more regular pauses-Lots of questions-Warm facial expressions-Discuss the here and now-Slower rate of speech** All of these features are used to get and hold the child’s attention.**V. Early Language Acquisition [cont’d] 1st words has two general categories:1) Relational-Relational > function > no, more, all gone. These can affect many objects in situations. They are low in variety but high in frequency. They are the first learned because they are powerful and can manipulate others.2) Substantive-Substantive > or open words. Primarily nouns and are therefore abject orientated (dog, cookie, juice). Greater variety but used less often. They may be used for awhile and then the child will stop using, still understands, and will re-appear later… 2 to 4 words will appear each day between 2 ½ to 4 ½