SHS 430 1st Edition EXAM STUDY GUIDE LECTURES: 1 – 7LECTURE 1 (JANUARY15)What is an audiogram?-A graphic display of audiometric data. [Pure tone thresholds by air or bone, for eachear or in the sound field, tympanometry results, speech reception thresholds or speech awareness threshold, and word recognition scores or speech discrimination.]What are the bone conduction symbols?-Left ear= >; right ear= <What are the air conduction symbols?-Left ear= blue X; right ear= red OWhen bone conduction = air conduction, hearing loss is?-Normal/sensorineural hearing lossWhen bone > air, hearing loss is?-ConductiveWhat is behavioral audiometry?-Pure tone testing under earphones or with inserts or warble tone/narrow band noise in the sound field. It requires an action to sound when testing pure tone thresholds. What is threshold testing?-This is done bypass the outer and middle ear and provides direct stimulation of both cochlea by bone conduction. It can also be accomplished with a bone conduction oscillator and is the primary way we determine the nature of a hearing loss.What is the lowest intensity at which an individual responds 50% of the time?-ThresholdWhat are spondees?-2 syllable wordsWhat is speech reception threshold?-Also known as SRT’s, spondees are presented during the audiometric test. A down 10 up 5 threshold search is completed until 50% of the criteria at minimal intensity is achieved. What is speech discrimination/word recognition?-One syllable, phonetically balanced words are used along with a carrier phase. [you will say…]What is normal hearing for a child?-20 dBWhat determines the nature and type of hearing loss?BOA, behavioral observation audiometryWhat is a visual response audiometry [VRA]?-A conditioning where a child will respond to a stimulus and receive a reward.Word lists for speech discrimination/word recognition are usually how many words long?-25-50 wordsHigh frequency hearing loss affects the hearing of?-Consonants LECTURE 2 (JANUARY20)Word lists are typically presented live voice or recorded media at?-30 dB sensation level referenced to the SRT.What is the general measure of someone’s understanding of speech at a given presentation level?-90-100% normal, 75-90% slight difficulty, 60-75% moderate difficulty, 50-60% poor word recognition.What is tympanometry?-An indirect means of measuring TM mobility, general assessment of middle ear function.What is used to detect and measure differences in reflected energy from the TM as a function of pressure changes?-A probe toneWhich type of tympanogram is normal hearing?-Type AWhich type of tympanogram is flat?-FlatWhat are the causes of a type B tympanogram?-A hole in the eardrum, PE tube or an eardrum that hasn’t healed.Which type of tympanogram consists of negative pressure?-Type CDuring reflex testing, what contracts in the middle ear when exposed to high intensity stimulation creating an acoustic reflex?-The stapediusWhat is Otoacoustic emission testing? [OAE]-It tests the cochlear function and outer hair cells.What is an Auditory Brainstem Response? [ABR]-This test stimulates the VIII cranial nerve acoustically and the nerve gives off a typical signature response if it is working properly and peripheral hearing is intact. It cannot quantify a hearing loss?Can OAE [otoacoustic emission], DPOEA [distortion product otoacoustic emission] or TEOAE [transient evoked otoacoustic emission] testing diagnose hearing?-NOWhat is the hearing nerve?-VIII or 8thWhat is a tone bursts?-A frequency specific stimuli in audiometric tests.The facial nerve travels where?-Through the auditory canal with the auditory nerve.What is a conductive hearing loss?-A conductive hearing loss involves the pinna, external ear canal, eardrum, middle ear cavity and the ossicles. It assumes nothing is wrong with the cochlea or auditory nerve.What is a sensorineural hearing loss?-A sensorineural hearing loss is caused by problems with the inner ear (cochlea) or along the nerve pathway from the cochlea to the brainstem. The cochlea contains sensory receptors or hair cell structures located on the?-Basilar MembraneLECTURE 3 (JANUARY 22)When a person talks louder than normal, has poor word recognition and sensitive to loud noises; it is a sign of?-A sensorineural hearing lossWhen a person talks softer than normal, and most of the time can be healed; it is a sign of?-A conductive hearing lossWhat is a neural hearing loss?-Problems with VIII nerve or auditory pathwaysWhat is a sensory hearing loss?-A hearing loss that occurs within the cochlea, due to damage to hair cell structures or lack of development; accompanied by tinnitus; almost always permanent. Some common causes are: otoxicity and noise induced. What is a mixed hearing loss?-Hearing loss with elements of both conductive and sensorineural.What is a closed ear canal?-AtresiaWhat is neuroma?-A tumor that exists on a nerve; usually benign.What are the degrees of function?0-20 dB normal21-40 dB mild41-55 dB moderate56-70 dB moderately severe71-90 dB severe90 + dB profoundWhat are the configurations of hearing loss?FLAT- little or no change in thresholdsSLOPING- as frequency increases, degree of loss increasesRISING- as frequency increases, degree of loss decreasesPRECIPITOUS- very sharp increaseSCOOP or TROUGH [cookie bite]- greatest loss is in mid frequency with better sensitivity in the highs and lowsINVERTED SCOOP- greatest loss in lows and highs with better sensitivity in mid frequenciesFRAGMENTARY- thresholds are recorded only for low frequency and they are in the severe to profound range What is a notch or a noise notch?-Typically occurs at 3000 or 4000 Hz with better sensitivity on either side.What is symmetrical?-Same amount of hearing loss on both sidesWhat is asymmetrical?-One ear has normal hearing the other does not.What is unilateral?-Single sided deafness [1/3 kids with this will repeat a grade]What is bilateral?-Both ear deafnessWhat is the incidence rate of newborns that will have a hearing loss?-1.1/1000ASHA website reports how many Americans had some kind of hearing impairment in 2004?-31.5 millionWhat is the percentage of hearing children that are underserved?-84%How many children between the ages of 6 and 21 years old will receive special ed services under hearing impairments?-72,000What is the percentage of newborns