SHS 430 1st EditionLecture 4OUTLINE OF LAST LECTUREI. DocumentaryII. Types of Hearing LossA. Sensori-neural B. Conductive C. MixedD. Central Processing Disorder III. Configurations of Hearing LossA. Degrees of functionIV. Incidence of Hearing LossOUTLINE OF CURRENT LECTUREI. Incidence of hearing lossII. Common causes that you may encounterIII. Implications of hearing lossCURRENT LECTUREI. Incidence of hearing loss-58% of hearing impaired is male - 35% will fail at least one grade with unilateral losses > Most of these are corner audios and most are right ear. **MENINGITIS IS LEADING CAUSE.-Kindergarten and 3rd grade is the most common to repeat. 80% of learning in K-3 is through verbal communication.II. Common Causes that you may encounter-Bacterial or fungal otitis externa- most common cause of bacterial infection of the external ear canal is bacterial external otitis or SWIMMER’S EAR. – Can also have conductive hearing loss associated with it. -Perforation of the tympanic membrane- trauma or infection.-Otitis media or middle ear infection- most common cause of conductive hearing lossin children. Also one of the more common reasons for administration of antibiotics inchildren. -Cholesteatoma- may happen secondary to a TM perforation. It can be particularly destructive if not treated properly. Can result in the destruction of one or all of the ossicles, can penetrate through bony erosion into the membrane labyrinth causing a sensorineural hearing loss.-Congenital sensorineural hearing loss- 50% of moderate to profound losses are due to genetic factors.-Nongenetic sensorineural hearing losses that are congenital- prenatal infections are common etiologies [Rubella, CMV: cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, syphilis]-CMV is probably the more prevalent cause currently of either congenital or progressive hearing loss. CMV can also cause CP, kidney disease, etc.-Difficulties at birth can lead to sensorineural hearing loss- jaundice or hyperbilirubinemia with serum levels of > 20 mg/100 ml of plasma. Ototoxic drugs given to the mother during pregnancy. Hypoxia during intrauterine development or during the birthing process. Injury to the vascular system that supports the membranous labyrinth or intracranial hemorrhage. III. Implications of hearing loss-Mild loss- difficulty understanding “soft spoken” speech, needs optimal seating, maybenefit from speech reading training. [Good candidate for hearing aid] -Moderate loss- can understand speech at 3-5 feet, requires amplification, optimal seating, speech reading training and speech therapy.-Moderate to severe- speech must be loud for auditory reception unaided, difficulty in group and classroom discussion, may require special classes for hearing loss, plus other needs mentioned above. -Severe loss- loud speech may be understood at 1 ft., may distinguish vowels but not consonants, may require classroom for hearing loss with mainstreaming at a later date.-Profound- does not rely on audition as the primary communication modality, may work well with total communication approach, may be mainstreamed at higher grade levels > cochlear implants are also an