PSYC 210 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Current Lecture I. Female External AnatomyII. Female Internal AnatomyOutline of Current LectureI. Male AnatomyII. Sperm TravelogueIII. Changes in the Menstrual CycleCurrent Lecture- Male Anatomyo Corpus spongiosum- spongy tubes that get filled with bloodwhen you get turned on When the blood fills, it squeezes the outlets sothat the blood doesn’t come outo Corpora cavernosa- where blood flows that causes thepenis to become erecto Urethra- releases sperm and urineo Penile glans o Foreskin- skin that covers the penile glans The removal of the foreskin is a constantlydebated topico Urethral openingo Bladdero Scrotum- sack that holds the testicles outside of thebody.  The testicles are held outside because theyneed to be cooler than our internal bodytemperature o Seminal vesicle- produces most of what is ejaculatedo Epididymis- where the sperm go to matureo Youtube.com/watch?c=jGlaRbRw-pw- Sperm travelogueo Testicles- male gonads where sperm are createdThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Epididymiso Vas Deferens Can be cut to prevent pregnancy.This procedure is called avasectomy o Ejaculatory ductso Urethra o Youtube.com/watch?c=nr5W9trSv8l- Routine Check-upso Testicular self examination Youtube.com/watch?v=vbj4NwiQhk8o Prostate and rectal exam Diagnosis is determined by an exam called the PSA, which is a blood test Most people who have this have a 90% survival rate of 15 years Suspected causes include high levels of testosterone, and high levels of animal fat Visual.pearsoncmg.com/mydevelopmentlab/humansexuality/episode4/web_index.thml?clip=4&tab=tab0Hormones and Sexuality- Glands and hormoneso Glands- organs in the body that secrete stuff and receive chemical messages that way Pituitary gland- behind the nose bone that is under the control of GnRN o Endocrine system- system that connects these glands and is a big part of your sexualityo Hormones- the chemicals that are secreted- General sex hormone processo Pitulary gland under control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)o GnRH produced in brain’s hypothalamus and relased directly into pituitary glando Hormones secreted by ductless glands directly into bloodstreamo Carried to other parts of body and influences other glands or target organso Feedback loop from these other glands- Pituitary gland hormoneso Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Governs the production of ova in women and sperm in meno Luteinizing hormone (LH) Triggers ovulation in women and the production of androgenso Prolactin Stimulates milk production in the breasto Oxytocin Associated with milk release and related to labor and orgasmic contraction and erotic attachment- Sex and reproductive hormones released by gonads and adrenal glandso Testosterone Produced in the testes in men and produced in tiny amounts in the ovaries in women and in the adrenal glands in both sexes.o Estrogen Produced in the ovaries in women, in small amounts in the testes in men, and in both sexes in the adrenal glandso Progesterone Produced by the ovaries after ovulation. Changes the endometrium lining in order to accept and nourish a fertilized eggo Inhibin Produced in both the testes and ovaries and it inhibits the release of follicle stimulating hormones- Ova (Eggs)o Ovum An eggo Follicleso At birtho Each montho By puberty- Changes across the menstrual cycleo There are three related processeshappening across the menstrualcycle. - Keep in mindo The first day of blood flow is theonly sign that women can reliablyrecognize, so it’s called “Day 1” ofthe cycle, but it’s really the end ofthe previous cycleo The 28-day cycle is a typical cycle,but there is considerable variationbetween women and for eachwomen over time Usually more variation in the length of the preovulation state than the length of the postovulationstate- Proliferative stage (Days 5-13)o Also known as thepreovulatory phaseo Hypothalamus realizesestrogen and progesteronelevels are low at the end ofmenstruationo Endometrium developso Follicles stimulatedo Lasts 9-10 days- Ovulatory phase (Day 14)o When estrogen reaches a high level, surge in LHo Follicle erupts and releases mature ovum near fallopian tubeo Basal body temperature decreases slightly- Rhythm method?o Temperature and Calendar methods Youtube.com/watch?v=pHciCw_EWN4o Test stick Tests for the LH surge Youtube.com/watch?v=ves2KIYLaol- Secretory phase (Days 14-28)o Also known as luteal phase (because the corpus luteum is there)o Also known as the postovulatory phaseo Ruptured follicle (now called corpus luteum) remains in ovaryo Corpus luteum Produces large amounts of progesterone and estrogen These hormones cause glands in endometrium to secrete nutrients to sustain potentially fertilized ovum It fertilization doesn’t occur, corpus luteum decomposes If fertilization and implantation do occur, corpus luteum decomposes after the placenta takes over the nourishment of the embryo- Menstrual phase (Days 1-4)o Decreased levels of estrogen and progesterone no longer sustain endometrium because there’s no signals of HCGo Lining disintegrates and is discharged from the bodyo Menstrual flow contains blood from the endometrium, endometrial tissue, and cervical and vaginal mucuso Flow can last for 5 days but is typically small 2-3 ounceso