GLG 112 1st Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture FaultsI. Strike-slip faultsA. Left-lateral B. Right-lateralII. Dip Slip faultsA. Normal faultB. Reverse faultOutline of Current Lecture I. Introduction to earthquakesA. Earthquake locationsB. What is an earthquake?C. Elastic rebound theoryII. Earthquake termsCurrent LectureEarthquakes occur along faults that are usually on a plate boundary. However, there are some places not on a plate boundary that have fault related earthquakes. EXAMPLE: Flagstaff, AZDefinition of an earthquake: a vibration of the earth caused by a rapid release of energy.Causes include but are not limited to:1. Faults2. Volcanoes3. Impacts (meteorite)4. Humans (fracking)5. Bomb explosions6. Landslides**for the purposes of this class we will mainly be talking about earthquakes caused by faults. There are four steps to the elastic rebound theory:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Stress must be applied (creates strain)2. Deformation (strain energy accumulates. This could take years)3. Rock breaks (stored energy is released)4. Releases energy (seismic waves)**steps 1 and 2 occur over a longer period of time, whereas steps 3 and 4 happen almost simultaneously.Terms:1. Focus: where the earthquake begins underground2. Epicenter: the place above ground that is directly above the focus3. Fault scarp: the step the earthquake creates above ground (sometimes can be very large)4. Foreshocks: shocks that happen before the main shock (lower magnitude)5. Mainshocks: the highest magnitude shock in an earthquake6. Aftershocks: the shocks after the earthquake (can last for months depending on how big the main shock
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