Post and Lintel Construction- walls and ceilingsAncient Near Eastern ArtTigris and Euphrates Rivers- together form MesopotamiaCuneiform- wedgelike; clay tablets with wedged inscriptionsSumer / Sumerian- people/ empire; first major culture groupGlazed brick- bricks heated till glass like materialZiggurat- temple built on a man made mountain; mudbrickVotive- gift dedicated to the godsApotropaic Device- ambulate or object used to warn off evilScaling (hieratic scale)- the bigger it is the more important it isRegister- divider lines in art inscribed narrativesSargon- ruler of AkkadiansNaram-Sin- grandson of the ruler SargonAkkad /Akkadian- people/ empire took over the sumeriansStele- standing blockRelief Sculpture- the picture is cared but the image is risenBabylon / Babylonian- dynasty lasted over300 years; cultural center of sumer for over 1000 yearsHammurabi- no divine power but believed to be a favorite of the gods, BabylonianAssur / Assyrian- people from Assur named after the god Ashur; controlled southern Mesopotamia seated near the upper course of Tigris; introduced palacesLamassu- combination of human and animal forms into one creatureAncient Egyptian Art*Hieroglyphic-symbols and images used to convey meaning and stories*Demotic- written language inscribed in stonesPharaoh- Egyptian king or ruler;Ka- your immortal spirt; soulHorus- protector of the pharaoh falcon godNemes crown- head dress to imitate a cobra worn by khafreUraeus- cobra on the nemes crownIdealized (Idealization)-perfected to the most desired featuresAton- Sun GodAmarna Period- rein of Akhenaton emphasis on sun diskAmenhotep III Akhenaton- pharaoh; epileptic married to NefertitiSun disk- presence of aton (sungod) in artworkSunken relief- image carved into a block; designs beneath the surface within a sharp outlinePyramid- tomb built in this ramp like shape for ka to ascend to the sunMastaba- bench like tomb, rectangular above ground, body buried underground with air shaft for ka to enter, many false shafts for tomb robbers Sphinx- mystical creature, half cat half humanArt ObjectsPrehistoric ArtWounded Bison, Altamira Cave, SpainVenus of Willendorf, from Willendorf, AustriaLascaux Cave, “Hall of Bulls,” “Rhinoceros, wounded man, and disemboweled bison”Chauvet CaveStonehengeNear Eastern ArtSumerian, Standard of Ur, from Tomb 779Akkadian, Head of an Akkadian Ruler, from Ninevah (Iraq)Akkadian, Victory Stele of Naram-Sim, from Susa (Iran)Neo-Sumerian, Ziggurat at Ur (Iraq)Babylonian, Stele Inscribed with the Code of HammurabiAssyrian, Lamassu (winged, human-headed bull), from IraqLate Babylonian, Ishtar Gate, Royal Palace at Babylon (Iraq)Egyptian ArtPalette of King Narmer (Predynastic):Khafre, from Gizeh (Giza) (Old Kingdom)Menkaure and Khamerernebty, from Giza (Old Kingdom)Seated Scribe (Old Kingdom)Statue of Akhenaton (Amarna)Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters (Amarna)Imhotep, and the Stepped Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara (Old Kingdom)Great Pyramids at Giza: Menkaure, Khafre, Khufu (Old Kingdom)Great Sphnix at Giza (Old Kingdom)Tomb of Hatshepsut (New Kingdom)Abu Simbel (New Kingdom)Temple of Amen-Re (Hypostyle Hall) (New Kingdom)SPH-R 210 1st EditionExam # 1 Study GuideVOCABULARYPrehistoric ArtPaleolithic- old stoneRelief Sculpture-attached ton another sculptureSculpture in the round- sculpted on all sides Naturalism- artist trying to imitate the natural worldAbstraction- taking away detail to simplifyMegalith- huge stonesPost and Lintel Construction- walls and ceilings- Ancient Near Eastern Art- Tigris and Euphrates Rivers- together form Mesopotamia - Cuneiform- wedgelike; clay tablets with wedged inscriptions - Sumer / Sumerian- people/ empire; first major culture group- Glazed brick- bricks heated till glass like material - Ziggurat- temple built on a man made mountain; mudbrick- Votive- gift dedicated to the gods - Apotropaic Device- ambulate or object used to warn off evil- Scaling (hieratic scale)- the bigger it is the more important it is - Register- divider lines in art inscribed narratives - Sargon- ruler of Akkadians- Naram-Sin- grandson of the ruler Sargon- Akkad /Akkadian- people/ empire took over the sumerians - Stele- standing block- Relief Sculpture- the picture is cared but the image is risen - Babylon / Babylonian- dynasty lasted over300 years; cultural center of sumer for over 1000 years - Hammurabi- no divine power but believed to be a favorite of the gods, Babylonian - Assur / Assyrian- people from Assur named after the god Ashur; controlled southern Mesopotamia seated near the upper course of Tigris; introduced palaces - Lamassu- combination of human and animal forms into one creature-- Ancient Egyptian Art- *Hieroglyphic-symbols and images used to convey meaning and stories- *Demotic- written language inscribed in stones - Pharaoh- Egyptian king or ruler; - Ka- your immortal spirt; soul- Horus- protector of the pharaoh falcon god - Nemes crown- head dress to imitate a cobra worn by khafre- Uraeus- cobra on the nemes crown - Idealized (Idealization)-perfected to the most desired features- Aton- Sun God- Amarna Period- rein of Akhenaton emphasis on sun disk - Amenhotep III Akhenaton- pharaoh; epileptic married to Nefertiti- Sun disk- presence of aton (sungod) in artwork- Sunken relief- image carved into a block; designs beneath the surface within a sharp outline - Pyramid- tomb built in this ramp like shape for ka to ascend to the sun - Mastaba- bench like tomb, rectangular above ground, body buried underground with air shaft for ka to enter, many false shafts for tomb robbers Sphinx- mystical creature, half cat half human -- ART OBJECTS- Prehistoric ArtHuman with feline head, from Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany:Two Bison, from Le Tue d’Audoubert Cave, Ariège, France- Wounded Bison, Altamira Cave, SpainVenus of Willendorf, from Willendorf, AustriaLascaux Cave, “Hall of Bulls,” “Rhinoceros, wounded man, and disemboweled bison”Chauvet CaveStonehengeNear Eastern ArtSumerian, Standard of Ur, from Tomb 779Akkadian, Head of an Akkadian Ruler, from Ninevah (Iraq)Akkadian, Victory Stele of Naram-Sim, from Susa (Iran)Neo-Sumerian, Ziggurat at Ur (Iraq)Babylonian, Stele Inscribed with the Code of HammurabiAssyrian, Lamassu (winged, human-headed bull), from IraqLate Babylonian, Ishtar Gate, Royal Palace at Babylon (Iraq)Egyptian ArtPalette of King Narmer (Predynastic): Khafre, from Gizeh (Giza) (Old Kingdom)Menkaure and Khamerernebty, from Giza (Old Kingdom)Seated Scribe