Chapter 8Objectives for Chapter 8Why Is Water So Important?Animation: Roles of Electrolytes in Water BalanceWhat Does Water Do in Your Body?Think Before You Drink: Can Water Boost Your Brain?Think Before You Drink: Can Water Boost Your Brain?Your Body is Mostly WaterWater as Part of Body FluidsWater Helps Regulate Your Body TemperatureWhat Is Water Balance and How Do You Maintain It?Losing Too Much Water Can Cause DehydrationAnimation: Water BalanceThe Concept of Water Balance: Intake Equals OutputOsmosisUrine Color Can Signal DehydrationConsuming Too Much Water Can Cause HyponatremiaHow Much Water Do You Need and What Are the Best Sources?ABC News: Drinking Water: How Much to Drink?ABC News: Drinking Water: How Much to Drink?Water Content of FoodsThe Best Way to Meet Your Daily Water NeedsWhat Are Minerals and Why Do You Need Them?Slide 24Slide 25The Minerals in Your BodyMinerals Found Widely in MyPlateSodiumSodium Sources and Physical NeedsSlide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33The DASH: (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)PowerPoint PresentationPotassiumSlide 37Potassium Sources and Physical NeedsSlide 39CalciumAnimation: Calcium MetabolismSlide 42Calcium Sources and Physical NeedsSlide 44Nutrition in the Real World: Osteoporosis: Not Just Your Grandmother’s ProblemSlide 46Slide 47PhosphorusSlide 49Phosphorus Sources and Physical NeedsMagnesiumSlide 52Magnesium Sources and Physical NeedsChlorideSulfurIronSlide 57Iron Sources and Physical NeedsSlide 59CopperSlide 61Copper Sources and Physical NeedsZincSlide 64Zinc Sources and Physical NeedsSeleniumSlide 67Selenium Sources and Physical NeedsFluorideSlide 70ChromiumSlide 72Chromium Sources and Physical NeedsIodineSlide 75Iodine Sources and Physical NeedsManganeseManganese Sources and Physical NeedsMolybdenumOther MineralsSlide 81Slide 82Slide 83Slide 84© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Chapter 8Minerals and Water© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eObjectives for Chapter 8Explain the functions of water in the body.Describe the daily recommended intake for water consumption.Describe the difference between dehydration and water intoxication.List at least one food source for each major mineral.Identify the role of sodium in your body.Name at least three lifestyle habits that can increase the risk for high blood pressure.Describe osteoporosis and the factors that influence the risk of developing the disease.List at least one major food source for each trace mineral.Compare and contrast heme and nonheme iron.Explain the role of fluoride in tooth and bone structure.© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eWhy Is Water So Important?Water is the most abundant substance in body.Average healthy adult is about 60 percent waterMuscle: 65 percent water, fat: 10 to 40 percent waterCan only survive a few days without waterWater balanced among fluid compartmentsIntracellular fluids: inside cellsExtracellular fluids: interstitial fluid between cells and fluid in the bloodElectrolytes: minerals that help maintain fluid balance© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eAnimation: Roles of Electrolytes in Water Balance© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eWhat Does Water Do in Your Body?Acts as universal solvent and a transport mediumMedium for many chemical reactions in bodyAs part of blood, helps transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones to cellsAs part of interstitial fluid, helps transport waste products away from cells for excretionHelps maintain body temperatureIs a lubricant for joints, eyes, and is part of mucus and saliva  Is a protective cushion for brain, organs, fetus© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eThink Before You Drink: Can Water Boost Your Brain?© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eThink Before You Drink: Can Water Boost Your Brain?Discussion QuestionsWhat is enhanced water?What are some false claims of enhanced water?Are enhanced waters healthy beverages to consume?© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eYour Body is Mostly WaterFigure 8.1© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eWater as Part of Body FluidsFigure 8.2© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eWater Helps Regulate Your Body TemperatureFigure 8.3© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eWhat Is Water Balance and How Do You Maintain It?Water balance: water consumed = water lostYou take in water through beverages and foodYou lose water through your kidneys (as urine), large intestine, lungs, and skin (as sweat)Insensible water loss: through evaporation from skin and when you exhaleLosing too much water can cause dehydrationDehydration can result from inadequate water intake or too much water loss from diarrhea, vomiting, high fever, or use of diuretics© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eLosing Too Much Water Can Cause DehydrationDehydration can result from inadequate water intake or too much water loss from diarrhea, vomiting, high fever, or use of diureticsYour thirst mechanism signals dehydration.Dry mouth due to increased electrolyte concentration in blood: less water available to make salivaBlood volume decreases, sodium concentration increases in bloodBrain triggers thirst mechanism and secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to reduce urine output Fluid inside cells moves into blood by osmosis© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eAnimation: Water Balance© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eThe Concept of Water Balance: Intake Equals OutputFigure 8.4© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eOsmosisFigure 8.5© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eUrine Color Can Signal DehydrationFigure 8.6© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eConsuming Too Much Water Can Cause HyponatremiaHyponatremia is a condition of too little sodium in the bloodFor healthy individuals who consume a balanced diet, it is difficult to consume too much waterHowever, some individuals have experienced water toxicity© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Nutrition and You, 2eHow Much Water Do You Need and What Are the Best Sources?Daily water needs vary depending on physical activity, environmental factors, and diet.Recommendations based on reported total water intake of healthy AmericansMen: 16 cups/day (about 13 cups of beverages) Women: 12 cups/day (about 9 cups of